Cover Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
ISSN:
0003-1488
Publication Date:
01 Feb 2014

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Evaluation of the risk and age of onset of cancer and behavioral disorders in gonadectomized Vizslas

M. Christine Zink DVM, PhD1, Parvene Farhoody MA2, Samra E. Elser BS3, Lynda D. Ruffini4, Tom A. Gibbons MS5, and Randall H. Rieger PhD6,7
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  • 1 Zink Integrative Sports Medicine, 12701 Folly Quarter Rd, Ellicott City, MD 21042
  • | 2 Department of Psychology, Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11367
  • | 3 Veterinary Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  • | 4 Moravia Veterinary Hospital, 68 Central St, Moravia, NY 13118
  • | 5 West Chester Statistics Institute, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383
  • | 6 West Chester Statistics Institute, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383
  • | 7 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.244.3.309
Volume/Issue:
Volume 244: Issue 3
Online Publication Date:
01 Feb 2014
Restricted access
Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

Objective—To investigate associations between age at gonadectomy and estimated risk or age at diagnosis of neoplastic and behavioral disorders in Vizslas.

Design—Retrospective cohort study.

Animals—2,505 Vizslas born between 1992 and 2008.

Procedures—Data on demographics, gonadectomy status, and age at diagnosis of disease or disorder were obtained with an anonymous online survey and analyzed.

Results—Dogs gonadectomized at ≤ 6 months, between 7 and 12 months, or at > 12 months of age had significantly increased odds of developing mast cell cancer, lymphoma, all other cancers, all cancers combined, and fear of storms, compared with the odds for sexually intact dogs. Females gonadectomized at ≤ 12 months of age and males and females gonadectomized at > 12 months of age had significantly increased odds of developing hemangiosarcoma, compared with the odds for sexually intact dogs. Dogs gonadectomized at ≤ 6 months of age had significantly increased odds of developing a behavioral disorder. The younger the age at gonadectomy, the earlier the mean age at diagnosis of mast cell cancer, cancers other than mast cell, hemangiosarcoma, lymphoma, all cancers combined, a behavioral disorder, or fear of storms.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Additional studies are needed on the biological effects of removing gonadal hormones and on methods to render dogs infertile that do not involve gonadectomy. Veterinarians should discuss the benefits and possible adverse effects of gonadectomy with clients, giving consideration to the breed of dog, the owner's circumstances, and the anticipated use of the dog.

Contributor Notes

Ms. Ruffini's present address is Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902. Mr. Gibbons' present address is Bogier Clinical and IT Solutions, 900 Ridgefield Dr, Raleigh, NC 27609.

Supported by the Vizsla Club of America Welfare Foundation.

The authors thank Dr. Noah Cohen, Dr. Gayle Watkins, and Chris Bartizal for technical assistance.

Address correspondence to Dr. Zink (mczink@caninesports.com).