Advertisement
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Evans VL, Smeal D, Biller D. Gastrointestinal linear foreign bodies in 32 dogs: a retrospective evaluation and feline comparison. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1994;30:445–450.
-
2.
Morgan JP. The upper gastrointestinal examination in the cat: normal radiographic appearance using positive-contrast medium. Vet Radiol 1981;22:159–169.
-
3.
Graham JP, Lord PF, Harrison JM. Quantitative estimation of intestinal dilation as a predictor of obstruction in the dog. J Small Anim Pract 1998;39:521–524.
-
4.
Graham JP, Berry CR, Thrall DE. Technical issues and interpretation principles relating to the canine and feline abdomen. In: Thrall DE, ed. Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. 5th ed. St Louis: Saunders, 2007;635.
-
5.
Root CR, Lord PF. Linear radiolucent gastrointestinal foreign bodies in cats and dogs: their radiographic appearance. J Am Vet Radiol Soc 1971;12:46–53.
-
6.
Felts JF, Fox PR, Burk RL. Thread and sewing needles as gastrointestinal foreign bodies in the cat: a review of 64 cases. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984;184:56–59.
-
7.
Riedesel EA. The small bowel. In: Thrall DE, ed. Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. 5th ed. St Louis: Saunders, 2007;770.
-
8.
Owens JM, Biery DN. Gastrointestinal system. In: Owens JM, Biery DN, eds. Radiographic interpretation for the small animal clinician. 2nd ed. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co, 1999;250.
-
9.
Weichselbaum RC, Feeney DA, Hayden DW. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal radiographic findings to histopathologic observations: a retrospective study of 41 dogs and cats with suspected small bowel infiltrative disease (1985 to 1990). Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1994;35:418–426.
-
10.
Morgan JP. Gastrointestinal special procedures in the dog and cat. In: Morgan JP, ed. Techniques of veterinary radiography. 5th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1993;219.
-
11.
Crouch JE. Text-atlas of cat anatomy. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1969.
-
12.
O'Brien TR. Large intestine. In: O'Brien TR, ed. Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal disorders in the dog and cat. Davis, Calif: Covell Park Vet Co, 1981;360.
-
13.
Farrow CS, Green R, Shively M. The abdomen. In: Farrow CS, Green R, Shively M, eds. Radiology of the cat. St Louis: Mosby, 1994;139.
-
14.
O'Brien TR. Normal radiographic anatomy of the abdomen. In: O'Brien TR, ed. Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal disorders in the dog and cat. Davis, Calif: Covell Park Vet Co, 1981;33.
-
15.
O'Brien TR. Small intestine. In: O'Brien TR, ed. Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal disorders in the dog and cat. Davis, Calif: Covell Park Vet Co, 1981;296.
-
16.
Jergens AE, Moore FM, Haynes JS, et al. Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in dogs and cats: 84 cases (1987–1990). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:1603–1608.
-
17.
Baez JL, Hendrick MJ, Walker LM, et al. Radiographic, ultrasonographic, and endoscopic findings in cats with inflammatory bowel disease of the stomach and small intestine: 33 cases (1990–1997). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:349–354.
-
18.
MacPhail C. Gastrointestinal obstruction. Clin Tech Small Anim Pract 2002;17:178–183.
-
19.
Basher A, Fowler D. Conservative versus surgical management of gastrointestinal linear foreign bodies in the cat. Vet Surg 1987;16:135–138.
-
20.
O'Brien TR. Small intestine. In: O'Brien TR, ed. Radiographic diagnosis of abdominal disorders in the dog and cat. Davis, Calif: Covell Park Vet Co, 1981;304.
-
21.
Riedesel EA. The small bowel. In: Thrall DE, ed. Textbook of veterinary diagnostic radiology. 5th ed. St Louis: Saunders, 2007;780.
Advertisement
Association of intestinal disorders in cats with findings of abdominal radiography
Abstract
Objective—To compare the radiographic appearance of small and large intestines of cats with various medical conditions and create a quantitative index for interpretation of intestinal diameters on radiographic views of the abdomen.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—74 cats that underwent abdominal radiography.
Procedures—Cats were assigned to 1 of 4 diagnosis categories: no gastrointestinal tract disease (n = 20), nonobstructive gastrointestinal tract disease (32), linear foreign body (LFB; 11), and small intestinal mechanical obstruction not caused by an LFB (11). Abdominal radiographs were evaluated without knowledge of history or diagnosis. Maximum and minimum external small intestine diameter (SID) and colon diameter (CD) were compared; dorsoventral and mediolateral measurements of the cranial end plate of L2 (VEL2) and L5 vertebrae were com-pared. Dorsoventral height of VEL2 from lateral radiographic views was used to determine maximum-SID:VEL2 and maximum-CD:VEL2 ratios. Gas patterns were evaluated.
Results—Nonobstructive gastrointestinal tract disease was more likely than obstruction until a maximum-SID:VEL2 ratio > 2.0. At a maximum-SID:VEL2 ratio of 2.5, probability of a disease not related to the intestinal tract was < 4%. At a maximum-SID:VEL2 ratio of 3.0, probability of a mechanical intestinal obstruction was > 70%. When the maximum-CD:VEL2 ratio was 2.0, probability of LFB was 50%; as the maximum-CD:VEL2 ratio increased beyond 2.0, likelihood of LFB decreased. Both gas pattern and CD correlated with diagnosis category.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Normalizing ratios of maximum-SID:VEL2 and maximum-CD:VEL2 obtained from measurements on lateral radiographic views of the abdomen in cats were related to diagnosis category.
Contributor Notes
Dr. Sisterman's present address is 3727 Cypress Springs Pl, Louisville, KY 40245-7402.
Dr. Kirby's present address is Department of Veterinary Surgery, School of Agriculture, Food Science & Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Powered by PubFactory