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Effects of osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of laxity and congruence in hip joints of Labrador Retrievers
Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of hip joint osteoarthritis on radiographic measures of hip joint laxity and congruence.
Design—Longitudinal study.
Animals—40 Labrador Retrievers.
Procedures—Dogs were assigned to 2 groups based on radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis. Dogs in the osteoarthritis group were free of osteoarthritis at initial radiographic evaluation (t1) and developed osteoarthritis by a subsequent radiographic evaluation (t2). Dogs in the nonosteoarthritis group had no radiographic osteoarthritis at either evaluation. Hip joint laxity was quantified by use of the distraction index (DI) from a distraction radiographic view and use of the Norberg angle (NA) from a ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographic view. The compression index (CI) from a compression radiographic view was used as a measure of joint congruence (concentricity).
Results—Hip joint laxity (NA or DI) did not change over time in the nonosteoarthritis group. Mean hip joint laxity (NA and DI) for the osteoarthritis group was greater at t1 than for the nonosteoarthritis group. With the onset of osteoarthritis, mean NA decreased significantly and mean CI increased significantly, but mean DI remained unchanged.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No radiographic evidence for compensatory hip joint tightening associated with osteoarthritis was detected. Hip-extended radiography revealed that hip joints got looser with osteoarthritis and NA decreased. Hip joint laxity (DI) on distraction radiographs was unchanged by the onset of osteoarthritis and remained constant in the osteoarthritis and nonosteoarthritis groups at both evaluations. However, the CI increased with osteoarthritis, as reflected in nonzero indices (incongruence). The CI may be a valid marker for early hip joint osteoarthritis.
Contributor Notes
Dr. Gold was a fourth-year veterinary student at the time the study was performed.
Supported in part by the NIH-Merck Summer Research Fellowship Program conducted with PennHIP.
Dr. Smith is the scientific director of PennHIP, a patented technology and service owned and operated by the University of Pennsylvania.
Presented in part at the Merck-Merial NIH National Veterinary Scholars Symposium, Bethesda, Md, August 2007; and at the Annual Penn Vet Student Research Day, Philadelphia, March 2008.
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