EDUCATION COUNCIL SCHEDULES SITE VISITS

The AVMA Council on Education has scheduled site visits to 11 schools and colleges of veterinary medicine for 2022.

Comprehensive site visits are planned for the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, Jan. 23-27; the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, March 6-10; Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, April 3-8; the University of Nottingham School of Veterinary Medicine and Science in England, June 4-9; Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Aug. 28-Sept 2; the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Oct. 2-6; Texas Tech University School of Veterinary Medicine, Oct. 16-20; the University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College, Oct. 23-27; and the University of Edinburgh Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies in Scotland, Oct. 30-Nov. 4.

A consultative site visit is planned for the University of Ana G. Mendez School of Veterinary Medicine in Puerto Rico, Feb. 20-24. A focused site visit is planned for the University of Bristol’s Bristol Veterinary School in England, May 2-5.

The council welcomes written comments on these plans or the programs to be evaluated. Comments should be addressed to Dr. Karen Martens Brandt, Director, Education and Research Division, AVMA, 1931 N. Meacham Road, Suite 100, Schaumburg, IL 60173. Comments must be signed by the person submitting them to be considered.

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

View Full Size

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

DONATE BOOKS, JOURNALS, AND SUPPLIES

Veterinarians and students in foreign countries can make use of the unused textbooks, journals, instruments, equipment, and other supplies cluttering many veterinary clinics in the United States.

The AVMA maintains a list of individuals and organizations that collect contributions for various countries. The list is available at jav.ma/donate-books. Potential donors should call or email contacts on the list directly.

Individuals or organizations that collect contributions may inquire about being added to the list or updating their listing by calling 800-248-2862, ext. 6754, or emailing asuresh@avma.org.

APPLICATIONS OPEN FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL GRANTS

The American Association for Laboratory Animal Science has set Feb. 1, 2022, as the next deadline for its Grants for Laboratory Animal Science Program. Applications are being sought for research projects that will promote the enhancement of scientific knowledge in laboratory animal health and welfare.

Since the first grants were awarded in 2007, the GLAS Program has awarded 86 one-year research grants. The categories are standard grants for up to $50,000 and small grants for up to $7,500. Examples of research of interest are environmental conditions, housing and enrichment, pain and distress, health and welfare, euthanasia, and advancements in animal care and use. Program information, the application form, and an application tutorial are available at aalas.org/glas; applicants can email glas@aalas.org with any questions.

Because the mission of the AALAS Grants for Laboratory Animal Science Program includes promoting collaborative efforts by the AALAS membership within the broader scientific community, the principal investigator must be an AALAS member, but co-investigators do not have to be AALAS members. International submissions are welcomed.

Twenty years later, geneticists see profound influence of Human Genome Project on animal medicine

By Greg Cima

Rebecca Bellone, PhD, became a geneticist to understand the causes of Appaloosa spotting coat patterns in horses.

Her work helped identify links between spotting and congenital stationary night blindness, which is caused by abnormal signaling from cells in the retina. Dr. Bellone, who is director of the veterinary genetics laboratory at the University of California-Davis and professor of population health and reproduction, attributes part of her team’s success in identifying the genetic cause of the disease to access to the horse reference genome.

The horse was among the first animals with full genome sequences after the first human genome was published. That let Dr. Bellone and her team compare genes between humans and horses.

The team found that a gene, known as TRPM1, for calcium ion channel function was downregulated in Appaloosa horses with night blindness.

“That work led scientists looking at human night blindness to start to look at that gene as a cause for night blindness in humans,” she said. “It turns out that gene has more mutations causing human night blindness than any of the other genes that they had previously discovered.”

Dr. Bellone said the publication of a human genome 20 years ago transformed the scientific community’s ability to identify genetic causes of diseases and animal traits as well as enabled genetic testing for animal breeding and disease management. Access to a published human genome led to work on animal genomes for comparative genomics, which helped demonstrate the roles of genetic sequences across species and advance human and veterinary medicine, she said.

Rebecca Bellone, PhD, and an Appaloosa with congenital stationary night blindness

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

View Full Size

Rebecca Bellone, PhD, and an Appaloosa with congenital stationary night blindness

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

Rebecca Bellone, PhD, and an Appaloosa with congenital stationary night blindness

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

“Veterinary medicine really benefited from the push for comparative genomics because then there was a push to sequence the genomes of other species like dogs and horses,” Dr. Bellone said. “Having those genomes and making comparisons to humans has really accelerated the rate at which we can make discoveries to find causes for genetic diseases, and that has enabled diagnostic testing for genetic diseases across species.”

A MAJOR MILESTONE

On Feb. 12, 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium announced the publication of a draft sequence and initial analysis of the human genome in the journal Nature. A wealth of information was obtained from the initial analysis of the human genome draft, according to the National Institutes of Health. For instance, the number of human genes was originally estimated to be about 35,000. This was later revised to about 20,000.

The tools and techniques from the Human Genome Project have given the world continuously faster access to genetic information with precipitous drops in price, and the collective information on genetic links to disease and gene function make that information accessible and useful to clinicians.

Leslie A. Lyons, PhD, who is director of the Feline Genetics and Comparative Medicine Laboratory at the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine and a professor of comparative medicine, said the Human Genome Project provided the technologies to better sequence cat genomes, analyze genomic data, and provide the infrastructure to hold and manipulate those data.

“Everything that has been learned in humans, including advancing the technologies, has been translated down into what we do in our cats and dogs and even our farm animal species,” Dr. Lyons said.

Today, whole genome sequencing available at the University of Missouri’s Veterinary Health Center can identify the genetic causes of inherited disease within a few days to a few weeks of collecting a blood sample. The cost for sequencing an animal’s genome has dipped below the cost of an MRI, she said.

“We can now do precision medicine in cats because of what was done in the Human Genome Project,” Dr. Lyons said.

COST, TIME TO SEQUENCE PLUNGE

In his 2021 book “Genome Odyssey,” Stanford University medicine and genetics professor Euan Angus Ashley, MD, noted that the Human Genome Project had a budget of $3 billion and published a draft human genome in 2001. By 2009, a three-person team at Stanford sequenced a genome for $40,000 in one week, already a millionfold reduction in price.

As of August 2021, the estimated cost to sequence a human genome was below $600, according to data from the NIH National Human Genome Research Institute.

Dr. Ashley wrote later in his book that, today, “a physician can order a genome for a rare-disease patient almost as easily as ordering a cholesterol test.”

“Health insurance companies increasingly list it as a covered benefit, acknowledging that transformative insights can emerge,” he wrote. “Some health systems are even starting to offer genetic sequencing as part of preventive care—a way to reveal disease risks in advance of the disease arising.”

Adam Boyko, PhD, is an associate professor and researcher of canine genetics at Cornell University as well as one of the cofounders of the dog DNA testing company Embark. He said he hears thanks from pet owners about once every other week for health information that was revealed in company testing that helps guide care.

For example, in 2019, genetic testing from his company identified hemophilia in a dog, Wolfy, and that diagnosis may have saved the dog’s life. Another dog attacked Wolfy and punctured his neck a month later, and the genetic results helped guide the treatment by his regular veterinarian and the veterinarians who cared for him over four days at an emergency and specialty hospital, Dr. Boyko said.

Dr. Doug Antczak, who is a veterinary scientist and professor of equine medicine at Cornell, said the Human Genome Project helped develop a large workforce with expertise in sequencing genomes and a wealth of scientific instruments for that purpose.

“The human genome project generated an enormous capacity for deciphering genomes,” he said.

Comparative genetics lets researchers find which genes are conserved across mammals, vertebrates, and even fruit flies, information helpful in improving health.

Dr. Antczak was part of a global group of scientists who began focused work on the horse genome in 1995, with hopes they might someday create a crude genome map.

“More and more technology kept coming online, and the cost kept getting lower and lower, so we were able to expand our aspirations and set our sights higher so that we, eventually, got in line for having the whole horse genome sequenced,” Dr. Antczak said.

Sequencing the first horse genome took six months of continuous sequencing by 100 machines, he said. Now, it can be done in a few days on one machine.

“It’s unimaginable how efficient this process has become,” he said. “It really has outstripped our ability to understand and process the information that we’re getting.”

Genetic testing now is also being used to eliminate genetic diseases, which Dr. Antczak said is a form of preventive medicine. Owners of Arabian horses, for example, now have access to a $50 test that finds whether their horses are carriers of the gene for severe combined immunodeficiency disease, which causes horses to be born without functioning immune systems.

APPLICATIONS MAY BECOME ROUTINE

Within the next decade, Dr. Lyons wants to see genetic testing panels become common, maybe when animals are born, so owners know about deficiencies and health risks. She also wants whole genome sequencing to become part of routine health care, just as she expects it will become part of state-of-the-art health care for humans.

“I would expect that whole genome sequencing will be a routine box you can check as part of the management of the health care of our companion animals, including horses, cats, and dogs,” she said.

The price of sequencing will continue to drop, she said, and health insurers may see benefits in paying for genomic tests that can be used for preventive medicine that would make overall health care more efficient.

Dr. Ashley, of Stanford, predicts in his book that genomes will become cheaper and faster to produce. More importantly, genome data will become more accurate, and “we will start to shine a much more powerful light into the dark corners of the genome.”

Some of those advancements will include custom medicine using genetic data for disease risk prediction and prevention, real-time health monitoring, pathogen detection and identification, and studies that show how pathogens have spread. For example, he described genomics as the heavy artillery in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, with rapid availability of the virus sequence used to create genetic tests for infections, reveal the story of how the virus spread across the globe, and develop vaccine candidates with unprecedented speed.

Dr. Antczak noted that genomics researchers are now identifying the control mechanisms in non–gene coding areas of the genome and working to understand how genes are controlled at different stages of animal development, health, and disease.

Dr. Boyko expects that, within the next 10 years, more veterinarians will embrace genetic testing as part of their practice. Genetic markers for drug sensitivities could be taken into account when a veterinarian treats a dog for cancer, and DNA tests for puppies could drastically change other clinical outcomes for many dogs, he said.

Dr. Bellone cited work underway at UC-Davis, led by Dr. Carrie Finno, director of the Center for Equine Health, to identify genetic causes of disease in horses under controlled conditions, a project that Dr. Bellone sees as paving the way for precision medicine.

Any veterinarian can participate in precision medicine, Dr. Lyons said.

“All your private practice veterinarian needs to do is be able to collect a good blood sample and have the right interest,” she said.

California veterinarians shifting to community-based supplies; national program needed, experts say

By Greg Cima

Fewer pet owners are bringing their pets to donate blood during the pandemic, yet demand for blood products is rising as advanced care becomes more routine.

Amid this shortage, veterinarians in California are also starting the transition from closed-colony commercial blood banks to local donor-based banks.

Dr. Anne S. Hale has founded and led animal blood service providers since the mid-1990s. Her recent work includes managing research and commercialization of veterinary blood products for The Platelet Farm in New Mexico and acting as chief technical officer for BodeVet, an animal blood products company.

Dr. Hale said the shortage of veterinary blood products has been growing over the past 20 years as transfusions have shifted from being a rarity to a daily element of emergency room and specialty veterinary practice. At the same time, fewer veterinarians secured donated blood supplies because fewer of them were working as solo-practice generalists.

“That doesn’t happen as often these days as we have more centralized ER and specialty practice,” she said.

As practices and hospitals grew, securing blood supplies needed a centralized source—such as a structured, national blood donation program—which hasn’t emerged.

“Our concerns are that, as we advance in critical care medicine, internal medicine, oncology, all of those have needs and wants for blood products as part of their treatment protocols,” Dr. Hale said. “We don’t have a real opportunity to bring together an organized way of providing blood products across the nation.”

Dr. Jimmy Barr, chief medical officer for BluePearl Specialty and Emergency Pet Hospital, said blood donations at company hospitals have been up and down quarterly, but they, overall, have been on a downward trend during the pandemic.

Eleven of BluePearl’s hospitals run local blood banks that typically supply enough blood for their own patients, although some of those hospitals supplement donated blood with commercial supplies. Others have enough to share with other hospitals with acute needs, which can include hospitals outside the company. BluePearl plans to increase coordination among those banks in 2022.

“We’re going to be more intentional about developing our volunteer donor program throughout the country and having, sort of, a national blood bank coordinated within BluePearl,” Dr. Barr said. “But that’s only to try to increase the number of donors within the industry—within the profession.”

LOCAL DONORS CAN EXPAND SUPPLIES

Veterinarians have made do, but they risk falling behind as demand for advanced care grows, said Dr. Hale, who currently works as a regional director for Pathway Veterinary Alliance, the medical director for the Albuquerque, New Mexico–based Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Centers, and an internal medicine clinician.

National-level commercial blood banks provide 30%-40% of needed blood products, Dr. Hale said. She thinks the profession needs veterinarians who specialize in securing blood donations in every community, similar to what the Red Cross does to secure blood donations for human medicine.

“I think that it is time for us to look nationally at establishing a volunteer donor program that is unified and capable of providing the resource that we need,” she said.

Clinicians should be able to decide whether to start a transfusion by judging what is best for the patient rather than how much blood is in the refrigerator, she said.

For now, veterinarians can establish networks of volunteer donors and develop relationships with commercial blood banks.

“We have individuals within our veterinary community who are looking at this resource, trying to develop it,” Dr. Hale said. “And we need to make sure that the veterinary community values a secure blood supply for our veterinary patients.”

Dr. Barr hopes that, by growing the blood supply for BluePearl, the company can both supply blood for its own hospitals and make blood products more available across the veterinary profession.

“The amount of equipment that’s needed to actually run a pretty good blood bank is not that complex,” he said.

A hospital can maintain a blood bank in a hospital’s back room with veterinary technicians running it. A list of blood donors can help when there’s an emergency need for a fresh whole-blood transfusion.

Blood donations have been up and down with an overall declining trend during the pandemic.

Dr. Barr said commercial blood banks are convenient sources, and he thinks fewer veterinary clinics and hospitals, overall, are collecting local blood supplies.

“People are relying more on the commercial blood banks,” he said. “And, to their credit, they have done a good job of matching supply and demand better over the last few years, I think, but still you run into issues of getting blood.”

Veterinarians need to be ready to gather blood, and it helps to keep a list of dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1–positive and –negative dogs whose owners they can call on in an emergency.

Despite the shortages reported in pet medicine, officials from the American Association of Equine Practitioners indicated they saw no shortage of blood products in equine medicine, and, in response to an inquiry from JAVMA News, one representative checked with three key suppliers to verify supplies remained adequate.

CALIFORNIA TRANSITIONING TO LOCAL SOURCES

Amid the shortage, California’s state government is phasing out veterinarians’ use of closed-colony blood suppliers, which are to be replaced as veterinarians create local community-based blood donation networks. The California Department of Food and Agriculture is helping lead that transition, and department officials plan to help guide the veterinary community through the transition.

Dr. Annette Jones, California’s state veterinarian, said CDFA officials recognize the importance of publishing standards for the community blood suppliers and will seek expert input as a priority in 2022. But she said it’s difficult to predict how soon guidance will be available.

Dr. Grant Miller, director of regulatory affairs for the California VMA, noted that Assembly Bill 1282, signed into law by Gov. Gavin Newsom on Oct. 9, provides a $1 million appropriation to the CDFA to create an advisory committee of blood banking experts who can create guidance documents and help establish best practices. And each community blood bank will be subject to inspections by the state veterinary board.

Dr. Miller said that, prior to the change in law, veterinarians in the state were mostly limited to obtaining blood from the two closed-colony suppliers operating in the state: Hemopet in the south and Animal Blood Resources International in the north. The law provided narrow exemptions for blood drawn for use within the clinic or hospital and didn’t allow sale or transfer to other facilities. All other state systems that he is familiar with incorporate both commercial and local blood supplies.

“There certainly are shortages, and they’re everywhere,” Dr. Miller said. “I don’t think that you can call a veterinarian anywhere in the United States and have them feel totally comfortable in being able to obtain blood products that they need.”

Dr. Jones described California’s legal limitations as a safety issue. She said that veterinarians have always been able to operate community blood banks for use in their own patients, and the limitations prohibit sales or transfer of blood to other hospitals because such products lack regulatory oversight.

“The original California blood bank laws were put into place to ensure that these life-saving products were produced consistently and safely,” she said.

The previous blood bank laws incorporated standards and inspections to ensure the animals donating blood for sale or transfer were healthy and treated humanely, she said.

Dr. Miller said frozen plasma and concentrated platelets are often in short supply, and CVMA leaders have been concerned about the supply of blood as the state’s veterinarians embark on the transition to community-based veterinary blood banks.

But Dr. Miller noted that the CVMA had worked with legislators to ensure the closed-colony banks will remain available until California Department of Food and Agriculture officials verify the community-based banks can consistently supply adequate blood products. They will need to produce sufficient amounts of whole blood, frozen plasma, and concentrated platelets for four consecutive quarters, and the department maintains the ability to delay full transition if production declines.

Dr. Miller acknowledged that California is shifting to an unproven model, which is why the state is dipping a toe rather than diving in.

He thinks California’s veterinarians see the change in law as an opportunity to expand their practice capabilities.

He noted that the recently passed law provided assurances the state would give expert guidance, regulate bank safety, and ensure community-based banks were providing adequate, sustained supplies prior to completing the transition away from closed-colony banks. He hopes the community banks will help alleviate the shortage of blood products.

WINNERS OF AVMA ANIMAL WELFARE ASSESSMENT CONTEST ANNOUNCED

A record 269 participants representing 28 universities and eight countries competed in the 21st annual Animal Welfare Assessment Contest, hosted virtually by the AVMA from Nov. 19-21, 2021.

Undergraduates, graduate students, veterinary students, veterinary technicians, AVMA members, and members of international veterinary medical associations practiced their animal welfare assessment skills and presented their findings to an expert panel of veterinarians and other scientists.

Species covered in the latest contest scenarios included boars, domestic cats, and psittacines.

The contest also featured presentations on animal welfare issues in the dairy and swine industries, as well as issues particular to rodeos, companion animal medicine, and wildlife. Participants earned up to six hours of continuing education credit.

“It’s wonderful to see so many students and veterinarians participate in an event that’s so important to the recognition and advancement of animal welfare in the veterinary profession and in our society,” AVMA President José Arce said in a statement.

The Animal Welfare Assessment Contest was founded at Michigan State University in 2001 as the Animal Welfare Judging and Assessment Contest and was modeled after traditional livestock, horse, and meat judging competitions. Funded in part through an educational grant from Merck Animal Health, today’s Animal Welfare Assessment Contest brings students together from across the United States and internationally.

Winners of the 2021 contest are as follows:

Veterinary Student Division, Individual: First place—Tannaz Zafarnia, Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine; second place—Magnus Yoshimura, Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine; third place—Bayla Bessemer, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine; fourth place—Julie French, University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College; and fifth place—Shannon Kelley, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine.

Veterinary Student Division, Teams: First place—Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine Team 1; second place—The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine; third place—Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine; fourth place—University of Prince Edward Island Atlantic Veterinary College; and fifth place— University of Guelph Ontario Veterinary College.

Interactive Assessment, Individual: Undergraduate, Junior Division—Zoey Witruk, University of Illinois; Undergraduate, Senior Division—Blair Wermuth, University of Wisconsin-River Falls; Veterinary Student Division—Jasmine Hanson, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine; and Graduate Division—Jasmine Muszik, McGill University.

Interactive Assessment, Teams: Undergraduate, Junior Division—Michigan State University; Undergraduate, Senior Division—University of Minnesota; Veterinary Student Division—University of Prince Edward Island Atlantic Veterinary College; and Graduate Division—The Ohio State University.

Graduate Division, Individual: First place—Sara Pantel, Tufts University; second place— Kaitlyn St. Charles, University of Minnesota; third place— Clara Dell, Tufts University; fourth place—Tawni Williams, University of Illinois; and fifth place—Meagan Abraham, Purdue University.

Graduate Division, Teams: First place—Purdue University; second place—The Ohio State University; third place—University of Kentucky; fourth place—Tufts University; and fifth place—University of Guelph.

Undergraduate, Senior Division, Individual: First place—Madison Pinkerton, The Ohio State University; second place—MacKenzie Chapman, The Ohio State University; third place—Kaitlyn Rhine, Kansas State University; fourth place—Shauna Zisis, University of Guelph; and fifth place—Sarah Kay, University of Guelph.

Undergraduate, Senior Division, Teams: First place—The Ohio State University; second place—Kansas State University; third place—Michigan State University; fourth place—University of Guelph; and fifth place—University of Kentucky.

Undergraduate, Junior Division, Individuals: First place—Erin Stockland, Texas A&M University; second place—Jenna Volinski, Michigan State University; third place—Jessie Bouterse, The Ohio State University; fourth place—Samuel Suh, Texas A&M University; and fifth place—Katherine Gellhausen, Texas A&M University.

Undergraduate, Junior Division, Teams: First place—Michigan State University; second place—Texas A&M University; third place—The Ohio State University; fourth place—Texas A&M University-Commerce; and fifth place—University of Nebraska-Lincoln.

Learn more about the Animal Welfare Assessment Contest at AWJAC.org.

ALABAMA

Charles W. Ashwander, Decatur

Ricky Bradford, Vestavia Hills

Jimmy R. Britton, Russellville

John W. Caldwell, Dadeville

Raymond A. Duke, Mobile

Thomas H. Fuqua, Birmingham

Clark M. Gaines, Bessemer

William A. Goodwin, Vestavia Hills

Patrick B. Gorman, Madison

John R. Hammons, Athens

John T. Hathcock, Auburn

Cheryl R. Killingsworth, Birmingham

Charles D. Kline, Eufaula

Robert A. Martin, Headland

Troy J. Nelson, Toney

Ruby L. Perry, Montgomery

Galen H. Sims, Pell City

ALASKA

Jerry D. Froeschle, Homer

ARIZONA

Kurt T. Baumler, Phoenix

Roger J. Bender, Overgaard

Frank S. Coburn, Prescott

Jeffrey S. Cook, Phoenix

Glen A. Grady, Tucson

Jonathan S. Grant, Fountain Hills

Cynthia S. Kern, Tucson

Larry A. Metheney, Phoenix

Marilyn W. Millman, Anthem

Constance Moll, Scottsdale

Gary M. Moody, Mesa

Constance J. Organek, Phoenix

Marc L. Schmidt, San Tan Valley

Paul R. Schneider, Scottsdale

Beverly A. Scott, Gilbert

ARKANSAS

James A. Benson, Gravette

Juanna S. Chin, Eureka Springs

David G. Evans, Huntsville

Randal L. Hubbs, Van Buren

John C. Miller, Little Rock

Loyd A. Nall, Malvern

David J. Sprecher, Hot Springs Village

John W. Whittaker, Farmington

CALIFORNIA

Miranda M. Alexander, San Diego

Linda Amezcua, Pescadero

Fredrick A. Beasom, Tehachapi

Keith M. Berry, Agoura Hills

Rickford E. Bertsch, Davis

Gerald S. Bond, Redding

John A. Brisbin, Benicia

James R. Burnett, La Verne

Bruce D. Burns, Valley Center

David M. Coats, Homeland

Nancy L. Collins, Alta Loma

Daryl Dannewitz, Sebastopol

William R. DeHaven, El Dorado Hills

Joe A. Dendy, Bakersfield

Linda N. Dillman, Friant

Timothy J. Donnelly, Costa Mesa

Charles C. Dusenberry, Redlands

Noel O. Dybdal, South San Francisco

Gerald S. Dzendzel, Orinda

Bonnie N. Ehrhorn, Oakley

Steven Feldman, Thousand Oaks

James F. Felts, Anaheim

Kathie M. Gerrity, Boulder Creek

Brian J. Golden, La Mesa

Emanuel Grain, La Habra Heights

Patricia L. Grant, Marina

Patricia A. Gullett, Fair Oaks

Gary E. Hanes, Woodside

Gary L. Homec, Palm Desert

David C. Johnson, Diamond Springs

Gary S. Johnson, San Juan Capistrano

Donald K. Jones, Cupertino

Michael A. Jones, Vacaville

Victoria L. Jordan, San Diego

Linda S. Jorgensen, Los Altos

Janine B. Kasper, Davis

H. Jay Kerr, San Ramon

James W. Kerr, Petaluma

Diane M. Klusch, Anaheim

John Kuttel, Huntington Beach

Sharon G. Leidecker, Concord

Stephen G. Leonard, Elk Grove

Bruce S. Levine, Huntington Beach

Steve B. Levine, Santa Barbara

Melvin S. Liebau, Clovis

John E. Madigan, Davis

Richard J. Maraziti, San Diego

Douglas L. Marks, Turlock

Jane E. Meier, Bonita

Mark H. Miller, Novato

Robert B. Moeller Jr., Visalia

Lee M. Morris, Oakland

Joy A. Mueller, Santa Rosa

Kent G. Osborn, La Jolla

Jerry W. Parker, Richmond

Bradley K. Patterson, Camarillo

Morgan Patterson, Sacramento

Lloyd D. Pilch, Tarzana

Gregory C. Ritter, Mariposa

Alan D. Rubinstein, Sonora

Joan M. Samuels, Buellton

Nancy N. Scanlan, Weed

Cassandra L. Schuler, Petaluma

Richard P. Schwach, Belvedere Tiburon

George Shinzaki, Poway

Donald C. Smith, Point Richmond

Tracy H. Smith, Ramona

Cory H. Soltau, Pleasanton

Candace A. Sousa, El Dorado Hills

Sharon L. Sprouse, Poway

Pamela J. Steinke, Placerville

Kathleen L. Stewart, Murrieta

Susan M. Stover, Davis

Meg A. Sulzen, Santa Ana

John J. Thoma, San Pedro

Robert A. Titchenal, Petaluma

Robert E. Totman, Temecula

Warren W. Walker, La Canada Flintridge

Pamela G. Whiting, Cloverdale

Man J. Yoo, Fresno

COLORADO

Sandra L. Allen, Fort Collins

Roger M. Bagg, Firestone

Joan S. Bowen, Wellington

Robert J. Carolan, Loveland

Bruce D. Elsey, Englewood

William D. Ford, Brush

Jimmie G. Friedly, Peyton

Patrick J. Hemming, Greeley

Gerry M. Henningsen, Monument

Donald F. Hoffman, Parker

Clinton H. Johnson, Akron

Mary L. Kizer, Berthoud

Stephen P. Kromka, Denver

David M. McCluggage, Longmont

Barbara T. Page, Littleton

Gary A. Pallaoro, Evergreen

Albert R. Petkus, Boulder

Douglas G. Rogers, Estes Park

Mo D. Salman, Fort Collins

Gregory E. Schick, Pagosa Springs

Howard B. Seim III, Fort Collins

David R. Swieckowski, Parker

John L. Sylwester, Wheat Ridge

Henry P. Thode III, Fort Collins

Ann D. VanDeventer, Evergreen

Louis G. Visintainer, Craig

Katherine C. Waters, Denver

CONNECTICUT

Ellen Adomelis, Wolcott

Rheal J. Bouchard, Bloomfield

Ivan C. Embree, Woodstock

Todd B. Friedland, North Windham

Kenneth E. Knaack, Marlborough

Richard G. Koven, Stamford

Christine Y. Mullen, Madison

Donald P. Mullen, Guilford

Larry K. Ritzhaupt, Old Saybrook

Alan O. Shanker, Stamford

DELAWARE

Katherine S. Gloyd, Wilmington

Maralee K. King, Newark

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Daniel J. Murphy, Washington

Walter K. Schrader, Washington

FLORIDA

Rebecca W. Alford, Live Oak

Charles W. Athey, Jacksonville

James G. Barrie III, Odessa

Peter D. Baumwell, Plantation

Bruce R. Bierbaum, Jensen Beach

Roger A. Botelson, Englewood

Steven L. Bromberg, Boynton Beach

Dann L. Brown, Orlando

Paul P. Burger, Melbourne

William V. Bystrom, Bradenton

Gary M. Camp, Clearwater

Daniel P. Carey, Punta Gorda

Wesley L. Cochran, Tarpon Springs

James R. Cook Jr., Clearwater

Mark P. Davis, Arcadia

Anthony J. DeCarlo, Naples

John J. Dee, Lake Mary

Edward C. Dworkin, Apopka

Janett L. Echols, Brooksville

Barry W. Eisaman, Williston

Gary W. Ellison, Gainesville

Herbert W. Freel, Weirsdale

Joseph A. Freer, Daytona Beach

Clifford M. Glade, Islamorada

Norman G. Griggs, Crawfordville

David R. Hale, Tallahassee

Randy R. Hann, Riverview

Mina A. Heinen, Apollo Beach

Daniel A. Hill, Orlando

Allen C. Hoverson, Bonita Springs

Mark W. Hullstrung, Fort Myers

Paula L. Jenkins, Orange Park

Kandra L. Jones, Jacksonville

Laurel A. Kaddatz, Venice

Raimund J. Kruger, Miami

Barry R. Landau, Boca Raton

Theodore J. Leif, Boca Raton

Rodney G. Lundock, Lowell

Ruth M. Lyles, Ocala

Barry T. Mitzner, Miami

Gail R. Morales, Lutz

Amy C. Morkoc, Naples

Richard Rick W. Munsell, Ocala

Diane J. Perry, Daytona Beach

Douglas S. Piper, Fort Myers

Eric R. Pope, Miramar

Byron V. Reid, Lake Worth

Nancy J. Saxe, Islamorada

Ben Schachter, North Palm Beach

David M. Spahn, Titusville

John D. Sturrock, Ponte Vedra Beach

Alex G. Suero, Winter Springs

Mary S. Summers, Jacksonville

Roberta J. Swakon, Homestead

Billy J. Taylor, Ocala

Eric R. Wenke, Miami

Janet R. Whitlock, Sarasota

Richard D. Wilkes, Tierra Verde

Mary A. Williams, Santa Rosa Beach

James M. Wilson, Coral Springs

Nancy Winjum, Stuart

Stephen P. Wiseman, Winter Springs

Thomas S. Yost, Melbourne

GEORGIA

Dennie M. Bassham, Quitman

Wayne A. Brubaker, Crawford

Paul L. Garbe, Atlanta

Karen L. Gold, Savannah

Kenneth M. Greenwood, Clarkston

Henry A. Hart, Albany

Lindsey V. Heard, Macon

Charles E. Hiland, Canton

Karen L. Jacobsen, Athens

Duk Kim, Suwanee

Edgar R. Kogelschatz, Clayton

David E. Lawless, Roswell

James D. Loughridge, Chatsworth

Vivian D. McWilliams, Loganville

Doris M. Miller, Watkinsville

Thomas S. Richter, Marietta

Kevin T. Schultz, Cumming

Dwain L. Smith, Fitzgerald

John A. Smith, Baldwin

Pedro Villegas, Athens

HAWAII

Mary F. Dubiel, Haleiwa

John D. Haddock, Kailua

Sterling Iwashita, Kaneohe

Betsy J. Webb, Captain Cook

Miles M. Yoshioka, Kailua

IDAHO

Barbara S. Allard-Ward, Weiser

Steven E. Basinger, Boise

Edward C. Briles, Buhl

Robert E. Cope, Salmon

Mark R. Ipsen, Malad City

William P. Kearley, Boise

Robert S. Legg, Dalton Gardens

Mary F. Rengel, Middleton

Joann E. Timmerman, Nampa

Sharon L. Vanderlip, Boise

ILLINOIS

Stacy A. Adams, Rushville

Rodger V. Allhands, Monticello

Ajaz A. Alvi, Burr Ridge

Linda A. Attig, Orland Park

William P. Barclay, Naperville

David G. Basinski, Glenview

Christine A. Bernstein, Lemont

Theresa A. Birk, St. Joseph

Steven Cairo, Highland Park

Frank J. Colbrook, Nashville

David L. Deters, Quincy

Joseph A. DiPietro, Champaign

Mary A. Duncan, Muncie

John R. Fleming, Palos Park

Barbara A. Frampton, Winnebago

Roberto C. Geronimo, Chicago

Ronald E. Gill, Bone Gap

Kenneth Gretschmann, Oak Lawn

Richard E. Guelzow, Northbrook

David R. Heinze, Elburn

James R. Hill, Collinsville

Mark E. Hudson, Springfield

William A. Johnson, Griggsville

Phillip R. Kapraun, Harvard

Richard J. Knilans, Rockton

Marilyn Lesch, Belleville

Joseph V. Luka, Skokie

James A. Matthews, Bloomingdale

Scott E. McDonald, Clarendon Hills

Eileen S. Morris, Crete

Barbara J. Peterson, McHenry

Gary C. Porter, Frankfort

Jonathan T. Quinton, McLean

Arthur D. Scarfe, Bartlett

Barbara C. Shelton, Peoria

Kathleen D. Smith, Loves Park

Richard L. Speck, Mechanicsburg

Donald W. St Ledger, Albion

David L. Tanaglia, Rockford

Harold L. Webb, Romeoville

Herbert E. Whiteley, Champaign

Catherine S. Williams, White Heath

INDIANA

Stephen B. Adams, West Lafayette

Ralph R. Anderson, Logansport

Robin P. Bollinger, LaGrange

G.K. Boyd, Kentland

Thomas C. Butler, Evansville

Kathryn L. Carter, Indianapolis

Lee A. Chapin, Newburgh

Judith A. Dierckman, Brookville

David J. Fenoglio, Indianapolis

Jan C. Gawthrop, North Manchester

Eric N. Gingerich, Zionsville

Harold R. Gough, Jeffersonville

Randall B. Grosser, Indianapolis

George R. Holl Jr., Plymouth

Charles A. Jamison, Orland

Donn E. Kryder, Granger

Michael E. Lemmon, Kendallville

Jeffrey W. Mauck, Boonville

Michael E. Meade, Veedersburg

Lynn L. Overmyer, Roanoke

Lawrence K. Pflum, Lafayette

Madge M. Smith, Berne

Dale K. Steele, Brownsburg

James R. Waeltz, Bedford

IOWA

Harold G. Beckner, Clear Lake

Craig A. Burk, Pella

Robert W. Comito, Ames

Curtiss S. Crane, Mount Pleasant

George W. Darnell, Council Bluffs

Isabel T. Harris, Ames

Rebecca L. Hyde, Ames

Brian C. Kruse, Greene

Charles A. Lemme, Cedar Rapids

Rita A. Lesczynski, Burlington

Steven B. Menke, Spirit Lake

Philip D. Miller, Fairfield

Ronald L. Morgan, Ames

Darrell L. Neuberger, Garner

Curtis E. Nims, Estherville

James A. Roth, Ames

Thomas L. Schilling, Corydon

John R. Stock, Osage

William M. Welter, Iowa City

Linn A. Wilbur, Nevada

KANSAS

Gary A. Anderson, Paola

Roger A. Bechtel, Eureka

Michael L. Bridge, Hutchinson

Richard L. Daise, Hays

Hires W. Gage, Overland Park

Dick D. Herbel, Liberal

Steven B. Hodes, Andover

Glenn Humbarger, Overland Park

Larry D. Jones, Dodge City

Linda C. Kalmar, Paola

Michael J. Malone, Great Bend

Denver D. Marlow, Manhattan

Robert Musil, Overland Park

Kenneth G. Odde, Manhattan

Mary S. Roth, Lawrence

James E. Sears, McLouth

Dwight C. Smith, Douglass

Orman L. Snyder II, Topeka

Eliza K. Sundahl, Overland Park

Patricia Thomblison, Topeka

Richard K. Warren, Winfield

Dale L. Williamson, Manhattan

KENTUCKY

Lawrence R. Bramlage, Lexington

Thomas E. Crowl, Georgetown

K.J. Easley, Shelbyville

Fredrick C. Evans, Shelbyville

John B. Foree, New Castle

Michael C. Glass, Maysville

Kristan K. Hodges, Latonia

John D. Hume, Lexington

Steve D. Lee, Winchester

Carol McLeod, Versailles

Elaine A. Painter, Bowling Green

Gary T. Priest, Versailles

LOUISIANA

Charles L. Boudreaux, Many

Kelly M. Chapman, Jefferson

Eugene A. Garcia, Lacombe

Fenton R. Lipscomb, Baton Rouge

Angela A. Schoenfeld, Leesville

George V. Storer, Lake Charles

MAINE

Linda L. Barton, Harpswell

John A. Benson, Bangor

Peggy J. Danneman, Bar Harbor

Dennis B. DeNicola, Windham

Peter Flanagan, Scarborough

Donald E. Hoenig, Belfast

Laurie S. Howarth, Waldoboro

Joseph D. Maynard, Kennebunkport

Mark A. Pokras, Scarborough

John P. Sundberg, Southwest Harbor

MARYLAND

Beverly A. Bevan, Crownsville

Bob H. Bokma, Germantown

Sue H. Bredel, Oakland

Nancy M. Bromberg, Annapolis

John F. Flynn, Frederick

Cecelia K. Garrett, Kingsville

James R. Hendrickson, Laurel

Marc S. Katz, Silver Spring

Duane S. Mangini, Baltimore

C.J. Mann, St. Leonard

Pervaiz Manzoor, Brentwood

Irving W. McConnell, Annapolis

Christian E. Newcomer, Brookeville

David N. Rawe, Grantsville

Kristin L. Schmitz, Bowie

William J. Schultz, Berlin

Lynn C. Walker, Jefferson

MASSACHUSETTS

Randy J. Boudrieau, Sherborn

Mark E. Broady, Shelburne Falls

Bruce E. Chase, Middleboro

Maryjean Driscoll, Centerville

M.M. Emara, Watertown

David A. Freedman, Dalton

Howard R. Hutchins, Stoneham

Carolyn L. Jensen, Topsfield

Ira C. Kaplan, Bedford

Michael J. King, Washington

Dana R. MacNamee, Danvers

Wayne R. Renegar, Sandwich

Linda Ross, Newton Lower Falls

Ted D. Sherman, Fairhaven

Robert S. Shurtleff, Wilbraham

Robert G. Sidorsky, Shelburne Falls

Ernest P. Silvia, East Taunton

Norman R. Simpson, Kingston

Alycia Smith, Hubbardston

Paul R. Swenson, West Springfield

MICHIGAN

Thomas W. Barkham Sr., Dryden

Cindy J. Baumhart, Warren

Marilyn S. Berkley, Farmington Hills

Howard A. Brooks-Korn, Farmington

Linda D. Byer, Howell

Ann S. Cavender, Salem

James H. Connell, Allegan

Susan S. Cook, Williamston

Carl W. Cowan, Detroit

Kais F. Francis, Detroit

Raymond Gniadek, Curtis

Karla J. Houghton, Ann Arbor

Sean D. Hughes, South Lyon

Kevin B. Jeffers, Ionia

Thomas H. Kavanagh, Brighton

Nancy K. Kelly, Jasper

Robert W. Lerner Jr., Berkley

Michael S. Lifsey, Mason

Timothy P. Maier, Troy

Judith V. Marteniuk, Laingsburg

Michael J. McDonald, Harbor Springs

Frank J. Miskena, Detroit

Keith E. Overbaugh, Elk Rapids

Robert F. Parker, South Lyon

Kent R. Refsal, Laingsburg

Nadine A. Richter, Lake Orion

Paul L. Runnels, Richland

Stephen R. Sage, Lansing

Robert A. Schleiffarth, Onekama

Joseph M. Simon, Grand Rapids

Stephen C. Steep, Rochester Hills

Margaret Sudekum, Ada

James H. Wesseldyk, Kalamazoo

Linda J. Winther, Ann Arbor

Timothy J. Zorn, Frankenmuth

MINNESOTA

Ford W. Bell, Excelsior

Carol J. Evans, Grasston

David E. Filkins, Hastings

Wayne R. Hasbargen, International Falls

Calvin N. Kobluk, Rice

Timothy J. Loula, Madison Lake

Lyle M. Mattson, Greenbush

Camille J. McArdle, Hugo

William C. Miller, Paynesville

Steven K. Olson, Austin

Jerold R. Pieper, Clarissa

David J. Polzin, Minneapolis

Patricia A. Walter, Rosemount

MISSISSIPPI

Philip B. Aman, Louisville

Walter C. Anderson Jr., Columbus

Alan M. Farr, Bolton

James H. Jackson, Corinth

Michael J. Logan, Canton

James C. Mahler, Bay St. Louis

Robert E. Meyer, Mississippi State

Fred F. Nabers, Louisville

James W. Randolph, Long Beach

Charles E. Thorn, Water Valley

James D. Thrash, Fulton

MISSOURI

Steven V. Bleish, Kansas City

Michael L. Boyd, Cedar Hill

Debra E. Buddemeier, Fenton

Robert L. Carson, Hannibal

Roger A. Cole, Marshfield

Mike K. Crecelius, St. Charles

Michael L. Finkel, Columbia

Phillip W. Geeding, Centralia

Michael L. Gory, Joplin

David A. Hunt, High Ridge

Steven L. Leary, High Ridge

Edward Lents, Drexel

Terry H. Mitchel, Clinton

Gerald L. Myers, Pickering

Paul E. Nelson, Ozark

Mitchel A. Oltman, St. Clair

Deborah S. Polleck, Normandy

Frances M. Reid, Kansas City

Denis E. Stuppy, Ste. Genevieve

Greg L. Taff, St. Louis

William M. Wommack, Palmyra

MONTANA

Layne E. Carlson, Twin Bridges

John B. Erfle, Kalispell

Anne L. Johnson, Malta

Richard H. Kinyon, Conrad

Carl A. McQueary, Butte

George A. White, Heron

NEBRASKA

Kenneth L. Anderson, Ravenna

Douglas L. Armstrong, Plattsmouth

Nels E. Backlund, Omaha

Bishop B. Curry III, Lincoln

Charles D. Orton, Norfolk

Randall N. Roberts, Omaha

Michael A. Saathoff, Miller

Jerilyn J. Sill, Fort Calhoun

Phillip D. Stephenson, Norfolk

Clinton A. VanWinkle, Beatrice

Ricky S. Wach, Farnam

NEVADA

Michael C. Brinkmann, Las Vegas

Vaughn R. Park, Henderson

Jon R. Pennell, Las Vegas

Carol J. Tillman, Henderson

Gregory V. Williams, Sparks

NEW HAMPSHIRE

Conrad H. Boulton, New London

Paul J. Hoopes, Hanover

Jolyon Johnson, Sunapee

Grant D. Myhre, Rochester

Sandra M. Wing, Wolfeboro

NEW JERSEY

Robert J. Ashman, Oak Ridge

Peter B. Batts, Trenton

Robert H. Bende, Vincentown

Gloria J. Binkowski, Plainfield

Jane E. Cappiello, Galloway

Richard P. Decktor, Woodstown

Barbara L. Eisen, Cream Ridge

Mark P. Helfat, Mount Laurel

Brent W. Herrig, Califon

Deborah A. Lamparter, Ocean City

Mark R. Levine, Cherry Hill

Daniel C. Little, Flemington

John J. Maccia, Manahawkin

Ron McAlister, Columbus

Joseph A. Papetti, Cranbury

Sarah L. Ralston, Howell

Barbara Rogolsky, Clinton

Bernadette Spector, Woodbury Heights

Steven A. Stefanski, Verona

Gregory J. Sumner, Bloomsbury

Lynda G. Tortoriello, Shrewsbury

Susan Trenka-Benthin, Pennington

Katherine E. Tucker, Roselle

NEW MEXICO

Linda S. Bingham, Albuquerque

Sally P. Brant, Espanola

Jean P. Corey, Tucumcari

William F. Hancock, Rio Rancho

Melida A. Hedberg, Albuquerque

Nancy E. Leverenz, Santa Fe

Roy E. Stewart, Albuquerque

NEW YORK

Linda Abenanty-Kolnick, Fort Plain

Patrina Ashley, Glenfield

Donald J. Baker, Greenvale

Dwight Bruno, Franklin

Edward B. Chapman, Fayetteville

Nicholas C. Chuff, Ilion

Patricia S. Cleary, Rockville Centre

Samuel J. Deutsch, Melville

Roger G. Ellis, Granville

Michael P. Ezell, Port Washington

Dennis M. Farrell, Hampton Bays

Peter J. Freyburger, Tonawanda

David M. Goldwasser, Westport

Mark E. Haimann, Bayside

Joan E. Hilfiker, Horsehead

William F. Houska, Rochester

John H. Howell, Yonkers

Steven M. Immerblum, Goldens Bridge

David H. Jenkins, Catskill

David L. Jordan, Bay Shore

Donald E. Kanouse, Patterson

Thomas Kern, Ithaca

Barbara J. Kingsborough, Mount Kisco

Marcia J. Levine, Buffalo

Howard B. Levy, Port Chester

Kenneth Luckow, Northport

Mark L. Martin, Cortland

Nora Matthews, Freeville

Anthony M. Miele, Brooklyn

Linda D. Mittel, Ithaca

Robert O’Connor, Queensbury

Linda M. Pesek, Woodbury

Russell Petro, Valley Cottage

Martin G. Randell, Somers

Don E. Russell, Ogdensburg

Les Scherr, New Paltz

Steven M. Schultz, Williamsville

John E. Sonne, Camillus

Michael R. Strazza, Pearl River

Robert W. Thomas, Middle Village

Roger C. Thompson, Clinton

William J. Thonsen, Ridge

Maureen A. Walsh, Clinton

Faith M. White, Chenango Forks

Dennis A. Zawie, Stony Brook

NORTH CAROLINA

Mary W. Alexander, Huntersville

Ralph C. Ashley, Lexington

Richard V. Broadstone, Oriental

Virginia A. Brown, New Hill

Robert Z. Cameron, Rocky Mount

Marguerite F. Duffy, Raleigh

Samuel P. Galphin Jr., Raleigh

Brian E. Gordon, Lake Lure

Roger R. Holt, Yadkinville

Tom B. Kuhn, Asheville

Gwendolyn Y. McCormick, Cary

Stephan A. Neuenschwander, Raleigh

Linda M. Overcash, Salisbury

William P. Rabon, Southport

Chester L. Robinette Jr., Cary

Daniel Y. Robinson, Pinnacle

Philip Roudebush, Biltmore Lake

Hardin E. Rubin, Charlotte

John K. Schoolmeester, Charlotte

Barbara L. Sherman, Southern Pines

Trudy Wade, Jamestown

Charles F. Williams, Ocean Isle

NORTH DAKOTA

Russell J. Behm, Minot

Gail L. Carlson, Sheyenne

Eldon Halvorson, Kenmare

John J. Reichert, Casselton

OHIO

Donald K. Allen, Youngstown

Mark L. Applebaum, Cincinnati

John E. Bohl, Sardinia

James W. Brenneman, Dundee

Kevin D. Corcoran, Xenia

Mary S. Crisp, Columbus

David R. Custis, Lebanon

Gary W. Dickerson, Liberty Township

Joseph F. Doles, Willoughby

Hugh D. Dresbach, Circleville

Timothy J. Early, Cincinnati

Thomas D. Frew, Carrollton

Stephen P. Hartz, Crestline

Douglas J. Hasbrouck, Hudson

Ray A. Hephner, Bedford

Marcia R. Lee, Hamilton

Ned S. Lodwick, Russellville

James K. Maurer, Maineville

Richard H. Mitchell, Eaton

Ronald L. Moroff, Lakewood

Thomas R. Mowery, Maumee

Earl J. Neltner, Moscow

Richard L. Roberts, Medina

George F. Ryan, Cridersville

Marcel F. Sanders, Oxford

Harminder S. Sandhu, Cleveland

Michael J. Skiver, Harrod

Duane C. Stewart, Canal Fulton

Harold F. Stills Jr., Lebanon

Steven G. Stratemeyer, Morrow

Shawn N. Webster, Hamilton

Charles S. Wingfield, Urbana

William M. Yost, Wooster

OKLAHOMA

Vickie L. Burns, Tulsa

Harry E. Davis, Buffalo

William D. Elliott, Tahlequah

Robert P. Evans, Tecumseh

Thomas P. Grogan, Bartlesville

Rodney R. Hall, Norman

Harold D. Haynes, Tulsa

Roger A. Henneke, Enid

Gary D. Holden, Spiro

Khristopher L. Keller, Mounds

Stephen A. Letzig, Pryor

Nelson B. McKinney, Mead

Ladd Oldfield, Burbank

Robert A. Purvis, Oklahoma City

Kenneth L. Stelzer, Guymon

Ronnie D. Thomason, Ada

Ronald R. Wallis, Oologah

Calvin R. White, Ada

OREGON

Kathy A. Beck, Portland

Jonathan E. Betts, Woodburn

Rodney V. Both, Rhododendron

Stephen F. Callahan, Corvallis

Lynn F. Erdman, Portland

Douglas A. Gribskov, Hillsboro

Scott W. Hansen, Gresham

Randall W. Haveman, Newberg

Scott G. Hendy, Roseburg

Richard J. Hillmer, Salem

Richard J. Howard, Portland

Louise B. Linton, Lakeview

Charles E. Meyer, Grants Pass

Lawrence A. Peetz, Lake Oswego

Lynn E. Spolek, Portland

Lynn M. Taylor, Rainier

Robert B. Ward, Lake Oswego

PENNSYLVANIA

Richard L. Bell, Moon Township

Carol E. Caracand, Devon

William S. Corbett, Athens

John S. Crowell, Thompson

Karen R. Daniels, Dayton

Zoheir A. Elnahal, Venetia

James D. Ferguson, Lititz

Elaine A. Ferrara, Newtown

James H. Hallowell, Greenville

Brian V. Harpster, Etters

Jill M. Hill, Ebensburg

K.A. Jeglum, West Chester

Charlotte M. Keenan, Doylestown

Stephen R. LeVan, Oley

Meryl P. Littman, Ardmore

J.A. Marshall, Moon Township

Dennis E. McCullough, Waynesboro

Anne L. Moretta, Thomasville

John T. Moss, Coatesville

Harold L. Nelson, Clarks Summit

Robert L. Owen, New Oxford

Richard R. Paulding, Harleysville

Arlene S. Ronis, Langhorne

Arline C. Rosenfeld, Langhorne

Edward J. Salevsky, Middlebury Center

Lawrence W. Samples, Hummelstown

Ronnie Schenkein, Coudersport

Jules R. Selden, Ivyland

Steven M. Shechtman, Langhorne

Barbara E. Smith, Perkasie

Robert M. Smith, State College

Faye E. Sorhage, Newtown

Terry W. Stanglein, Northampton

Robert T. Stoltzfus, Salunga

Sardar M. Tariq, Mechanicsburg

Howard Todd, Elizabethville

Leah L. Whipple, Berwyn

John C. Widenmeyer, Langhorne

Thomas I. Wiles, Verona

PUERTO RICO

Jose A. Diaz-Umpierre, San Juan

Enrique B. Dohnert, San Juan

RHODE ISLAND

Meredith S. Bird, Saunderstown

Robert T. Bolton, Charlestown

Kathleen A. Pointek, North Kingstown

SOUTH CAROLINA

James F. Baker, Florence

Allan E. Boster, Easley

Patrick G. Brown, West Columbia

Jeanne R. Fowler, Travelers Rest

Gwynn L. Hardee, Loris

Nancy Hughston, Spartanburg

Charlotte A. Krugler, Elgin

I.B. Miller, Marietta

Jacquelyn D. O’Dell, Chapin

Benton K. Partin II, Columbia

Roy L. Patch, Greer

SOUTH DAKOTA

Norman L. Brooks, Custer

Eldon L. Madison, Sioux Falls

Lawrence L. Zimmer, Montrose

TENNESSEE

Mary F. Alford, Rockford

Russell E. Anderson, Fairview

Randall T. Baker, Lewisburg

Michael J. Blackwell, Knoxville

Nicole Duffee, Memphis

Thomas A. Haig, Corryton

Dennis G. Harris, Chapel Hill

William M. Harry, Fayetteville

Randall L. Lange, Knoxville

John P. McComas, Germantown

George W. Scorey, Chattanooga

Marshall E. Taylor, Dayton

Stephen R. Tower, Memphis

James G. West, Mount Juliet

Larry D. Williams, Murfreesboro

James D. Woolsey, Greeneville

TEXAS

Barbara J. Aigaki, Alvarado

William C. Anderson, Haltom City

Robert F. Barkley, Waco

Robert A. Bauml, San Antonio

James F. Benedict, Harwood

Richard C. Bischofhausen Jr., Irving

Stanley M. Blackwell, Nacogdoches

Kenneth D. Bockhorn, Waller

Karen N. Bookout, Fayetteville

William C. Bookout, Lytle

Forrest B. Burnham, Graham

John D. Clader, Jourdanton

Jackie A. Cole, Galveston

Billy C. Collier, Waller

Randy L. Cottingham, Universal City

Eli R. Cox Jr., Ladonia

Peter C. Cragg, Spring

Billy B. Davis, Fort Worth

Tommy L. Dayton, Houston

Dennis L. Denman, Robstown

Kaye C. Fuller, Paige

Roger L. Gibson, Kerrville

Mary B. Glaze, Houston

Kirby D. Gober, Throckmorton

Donna M. Hall, Dayton

Karen S. Harrington, Bryan

Robert D. Heald, Missouri City

Alan J. Herron, Houston

Mark A. Hitchcock, Abilene

Philip T. James, Grand Prairie

Randy W. Jones, Houston

Billy M. Jordan, Vidor

Gary L. Keffer, Kyle

Karen M. Kemper, Houston

Daniel F. Kincaid, Sabinal

Glen K. King, Conroe

James C. King, Fredericksburg

Stephen M. King, Pilot Point

Cecilia L. Kornegay, Houston

Robert D. Lewis, Bastrop

John E. Marsh, Sweeny

Randall J. Martin, Sanger

William S. Mays, Frisco

William R. McClellan, Port Lavaca

Dena R. McGowan, Vidor

Anthony C. Meyer, Pasadena

Joseph A. Mikeska, College Station

Michael C. Moore, Huntsville

Ronnie L. Nye, Floresville

Jeffery J. Pruitt, Sunnyvale

Edward L. Ptacek, Ben Wheeler

Jimmie R. Pusok, Tomball

Gene W. Ray, Killeen

Arden E. Read, Beaumont

James D. Reed, Dublin

Michael H. Reves, Hankamer

Glen C. Riff, Hondo

John R. Russell, Caldwell

John L. Scott, Stephenville

Dennis N. Seymore, Daingerfield

Loyd W. Shipman, League City

Susan D. Skyler, Austin

Rachael H. Smith, San Antonio

Gary S. Spence, Tyler

William C. Stearman, Coppell

Sara Stephens, South Padre Island

Steven J. Susaneck, Missouri City

William B. Taylor Jr., Henderson

Milton D. Thiel, Livingston

Reed S. Tolles, Montgomery

Donald R. Vestal, Pleasanton

Jake R. Wells, Cibolo

W.S. Whitaker, Fort Worth

Lon A. Williams, Kerrville

UTAH

Virginia Clemans, Salt Lake City

Nelson H. Duncan, Roosevelt

Deborah Hadlock, Salt Lake City

Bruce C. Jones, Taylorsville

Jeff J. Monroe, Salt Lake City

Jerry S. Osguthorpe, Salt Lake City

VERMONT

Dean J. Cerf, Bethel

Thomas Cihocki, South Barre

Vincent C. DiBernardo, Cambridgeport

Robert W. Hoppe, St. Johnsbury

Lynn M. Walker, Shelburne

VIRGINIA

Dale D. Boyle, Stafford

William G. Brewer Jr., Chesapeake

Warren P. Campbell, Covington

Ruth E. Chodrow, Fishersville

Gary M. Doxtater, Norge

Pamela L. Ferrante, Blacksburg

Diana R. Hewitt, Chesapeake

Robert L. Hooke, Gretna

Susan I. Jacobson, Unionville

Meryl P. Lessinger-Bely, Lanexa

Monique Maniet, Woodville

Stewart I. Marsh, Eggleston

Maureen B. McIntyre, Clifton

Henry McKelvin, Hampton

William K. Scarratt, Moneta

Tommy L. Walker, Leesburg

Gary L. Weisenborn, Stafford

Kristine M. Wilson, Leesburg

Anne M. Zajac, Pembroke

WASHINGTON

Thomas Q. Brandli, Burien

Janice J. Buck, Buckley

Susan C. Connor, Mountlake Terrace

Carl R. Conroy, Goldendale

John Fetrow, Langley

Ernest L. Grubb, Olympia

Joseph Harari, Spokane

Edwin W. Ketel, Long Beach

Michelle Kopcha, Bellingham

Katheryn Kraemer, Manson

Gary P. Larson, Puyallup

John K. Leaman, Coupeville

Sally J. Lester, Monroe

Catherine S. Lindblad, Long Beach

Michael Mizumoto, Federal Way

Earl W. Morgan, West Richland

O.L. Nelson, Palouse

Susan K. Preston, Graham

Harmon A. Rogers, Seattle

Robert B. Rowse, Brier

John C. Serratore, Seattle

William F. Shepherd, Everett

Rolan Tripp, Vancouver

Richard L. Vetter, Buckley

Gerrit H. Wisse, Eltopia

William J. Witherspoon, Vancouver

WEST VIRGINIA

Janet E. Lemke, Lost City

Robert E. Pitts, Sandyville

James E. Sullivan, Mineral Wells

WISCONSIN

Mark L. Anderson, Spring Valley

Scott W. Armbrust, Green Bay

David E. Baughman, Cudahy

Thomas R. Bruning, Marathon

Heather H. Curtis, Shullsburg

Amy L. Fulmer-Vogel, Kenosha

Eric C. Gonder, Juneau

Dennis K. Griffin, Wausau

Donald C. Holst, Fontana

Andrew P. Johnson, Green Bay

Marvin J. Johnson, Glenwood City

Mike Kohn, Madison

Dale A. Magnusson, Hudson

Patrick Mahoney, Neenah

Harry W. Momont, Madison

Steven C. Moreland, Oregon

Randall J. Raasch, McFarland

Phyllis L. Schippers, Manitowoc

Karen L. Secor, Kewaskum

Umesh K. Sharma, Milwaukee

Edward B. Sims, Westfield

Lindalu A. Vognar, Eau Claire

Stuart W. White, Watertown

Byron W. Williams, Plymouth

Karen M. Young, Madison

WYOMING

Edwin C. Bittner Jr., Torrington

Cameron L. Eilts, Rock Springs

Timothy J. Graham, Sheridan

James R. Logan, Shoshoni

James E. Morrison, Evansville

Paul J. Zancanella, Rock Springs

CANADA

Timothy H. Ogilvie, Springbrook, Prince Edward Island

Jacqueline M. Ordronneau, Madeira Park, British Columbia

Carol S. West, Tiny, Ontario

EVENT

Virtual annual meeting, Aug. 10, 2021

PROGRAM

Fifty-one attendees participated in the virtual meeting, hosted by the president and president-elect of the PrideVMC, Drs. Dane Whitaker and Abby McElroy. The meeting opened with a reminder of the PrideVMC vision of an empowered LGBTQ+ community with members that embrace well-being by being their authentic selves.

AWARDS

2021 LGBTQ+ Leadership Award

Lisa M. Greenhill

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

View Full Size

Lisa M. Greenhill

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

Lisa M. Greenhill

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

Lisa M. Greenhill, EdD, Washington D.C., won this award, recognizing individuals who actively support the PrideVMC’s mission to create a better world for the LGBTQ+ veterinary community and its vision of an empowered LGBTQ+ veterinary community with members that embrace well-being by being their authentic selves. Dr. Greenhill is senior director for institutional research and diversity with the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges.

BUSINESS

The organization celebrated its active working group members, reviewed the 2021 strategic priorities and activities, and shared its progress against key metrics.

OFFICIALS

Dr. Dane Whitaker

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

View Full Size

Dr. Dane Whitaker

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

Dr. Dane Whitaker

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

Dr. Abby McElroy

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

View Full Size

Dr. Abby McElroy

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

Dr. Abby McElroy

Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 260, 1; 10.2460/javma.260.01.07

• Download Figure
• Download figure as PowerPoint slide

Dr. Dane Whitaker, San Francisco, president; Dr. Abby McElroy, Harrisville, Rhode Island, president-elect and secretary; Dr. Sandy Hazanow, San Francisco, immediate past president; Erin Spencer, Derry, New Hampshire, treasurer; Dr. Mia Cary, Greensboro, North Carolina, chief executive officer; Rachel Dufour, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, student liaison; Dr. Morgan Miller, Chicago, Pride SVMC adviser; Dr. Omar Farías, Kansas City, Missouri, industry liaison; and directors at large—Drs. Deborah Kochevar, Grafton, Massachusetts, and Russ Drury, Atlanta

HARUNO S. GRAHAM

Dr. Graham (Illinois ’09), 38, Gilbert, Arizona, died Oct. 12, 2021. She began her career in small animal medicine in Phoenix. Dr. Graham subsequently worked in Portland, Oregon. She then returned to Arizona and practiced in Mesa and Gilbert. Dr. Graham is survived by her husband, Chris; a son and a daughter; her parents; and a sister and a brother. Memorials, toward a college fund for her children, may be made via jav.ma/HarunoSengokuGraham.

ROBERT F. KAHRS

Dr. Kahrs (Cornell ’54), 91, Colfax, North Carolina, died Oct. 28, 2021. A diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, he was a past dean of the University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine.

Following graduation, Dr. Kahrs embarked upon a career in large animal medicine in New York state, initially in Interlaken and later in Attica. After earning his PhD in veterinary medicine in 1965 from Cornell University, he joined the veterinary and agricultural faculty at the university. During his tenure at Cornell, Dr. Kahrs taught and served as associate dean and director of veterinary admissions. In 1977, he moved to the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, where he chaired the Department of Preventive Medicine. Dr. Kahrs was named dean of the veterinary college at the University of Missouri in 1982, serving in that capacity until 1992. As dean, he oversaw the rebuilding of the veterinary college and was credited for playing an important role in preventing closure of the college.

Following retirement as dean, Dr. Kahrs worked for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, involved with trade and import and export issues. He then worked part time as director of international programs for the American Association of Veterinary Medical Colleges. Dr. Kahrs authored several books, including “Viral Diseases of Cattle,” “Global Livestock Health Policy: Challenges, Opportunities and Strategies for Effective Action,” and “So You Want to Be a Veterinarian.” He also wrote his autobiography “The Versatile Veterinarian” and compiled the manuscript “A Century of Bovine Medicine at Cornell.”

In 2004, the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine Alumni Association honored Dr. Kahrs with the Daniel Elmer Salmon Award for distinguished service to the veterinary college and to the alumni association. He is survived by his wife, Evelyn; four children; six grandchildren; and two great-grandchildren. Memorials may be made to the Veterinary College Class of 1954 Scholarship Fund, Cornell University, Division of Alumni Affairs and Development, 130 E. Seneca St., Suite 400, Ithaca, NY 14850; Mule Fund or Public Relations Fund, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, W203 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211; or Endowment Fund, The Center for Spiritual Living, 1795 Old Moultrie Road, St. Augustine, FL 32084.

EDWARD L. MENNING

Dr. Menning (Ohio State ’55), 90, Beavercreek, Ohio, died Oct. 25, 2021. Following graduation, he joined the Air Force Veterinary Corps with the rank of first lieutenant. During his military career of more than 25 years, Dr. Menning served as base veterinarian at Sheppard Air Force Base in Texas, Kindley Air Force Base in Bermuda, and Patrick Air Force Base in Florida; earned a master’s in public health from the University of Michigan; was veterinarian for the White House when stationed in Washington, D.C.; and served as chief of the Air Force Veterinary Corps and as assistant surgeon general for veterinary services. He received the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal and retired as a colonel.

Following his military career, Dr. Menning served as executive vice president of the National Association of Federal Veterinarians, representing the association in the AVMA House of Delegates. He was a member of the governing council of the American Public Health Association and was a past president of the American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, District of Columbia VMA, and the former Association of Teachers of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine. In 1977, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine named Dr. Menning a Distinguished Alumnus. He received the ACVPM Distinguished Diplomate Award in 1997. In 2000, The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Alumni Society honored Dr. Menning with an Alumni Recognition Award. He is survived by three children, a sister, and a brother.

KENT C. ROBERTS

Dr. Roberts (Cornell ’51), 95, Williamsburg, Virginia, died Aug. 24, 2021. Following graduation, he established Loudon Animal Hospital in Purcellville, Virginia, where he practiced mixed animal medicine for nearly 30 years. In 1980, Dr. Roberts joined the faculty of the newly founded Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, an institution he helped establish with his service on the Virginia Veterinary Medicine Study Commission. During his tenure at the college, he served as director of extension, was steward of continuing education programs for veterinary practitioners and veterinary organizations, and served as interim director of the college’s teaching hospital. Dr. Roberts retired as a professor emeritus in 1995.

Active in organized veterinary medicine, he was a past president of the Virginia Board of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia VMA, and American Association of Extension Veterinarians. In 1974, Dr. Roberts was named Virginia VMA Veterinarian of the Year. In 2009, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine honored him with the John N. Dalton Award for his contributions toward the college and to the veterinary profession. Dr. Roberts established the C.R. Roberts Professorship in Clinical Veterinary Medicine at the veterinary college in honor of his father, who was also a veterinarian, Dr. Clarence R. Roberts (Cornell ’22).

Dr. Kent Roberts, a World War II veteran, served in the Navy. He is survived by his wife, Shirley; two daughters and a son; five grandchildren; a great-grandchild; and a brother. Memorials may be made to the National Wildlife Federation, Wildlife Conflict Resolution Program, 240 North Higgins, Suite 2, Missoula, MT 59802.

KENNETH W. RYE

Dr. Rye (Minnesota ’55), 90, Bullhead City, Arizona, died July 15, 2021. A mixed animal veterinarian, he practiced in Glencoe, Minnesota, from 1961-94. Earlier, Dr. Rye worked in Thief River Falls, Minnesota. He was a lifetime member of the Minnesota VMA. Dr. Rye is survived by his wife, Joyce; two sons and a daughter; four grandchildren; and three great-grandchildren.

GLENN M. SCHWAB

Dr. Schwab (Missouri ’64), 84, Stilwell, Kansas, died Aug. 30, 2021. Following graduation, he joined a mixed animal practice in Stilwell, where he was a partner until retirement in 2013. Dr. Schwab served as a captain in the Army. His wife, Molly; five children; and nine grandchildren survive him.

LEWIS RANDALL SMITH

Dr. Smith (Oklahoma ’64), 81, Pecatonica, Illinois, died Sept. 19, 2021. Following graduation, he served as a captain in the Army for two years. Dr. Smith then established Pecatonica Veterinary Clinic, where he practiced mixed animal medicine until retirement in 1998. His wife, Barbara, and three daughters survive him.

JOANN STACKOWICZ

Dr. Stackowicz (Michigan State ’88), 67, Gladwin, Michigan, died May 16, 2021. She practiced small animal medicine in Michigan’s Gladwin County. Dr. Stackowicz also taught and tutored mathematics at Mid Michigan College in Harrison. Her two sisters survive her.

CHARLES M. STAFFORD

Dr. Stafford (Kansas State ’78), 79, Windsor, California, died July 23, 2021. Following graduation, he worked in Sacramento, California. In 1982, Dr. Stafford established Lakewood Hills Veterinary Clinic, a small animal practice in Windsor. Later in his career, he also established Coastal Veterinary Services, a mobile practice. Dr. Stafford’s wife, Linda; a son, two daughters, three stepsons, and a stepdaughter; 12 grandchildren; and a sister survive him.

MILTON WYMAN

Dr. Wyman (Ohio State ’63), 90, Delaware, Ohio, died Sept. 27, 2021. A founding member and a charter diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists, he was a professor for more than 25 years at The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, where he developed one of the first residency programs in veterinary ophthalmology. During his tenure, Dr. Wyman taught in the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, served as chief of comparative ophthalmology and small animal medicine and surgery, was associate dean for academic and student affairs, and had an appointment in the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. He retired as a professor emeritus in 1989. Dr. Wyman went on to teach veterinary ophthalmology at the University of Pennsylvania for a few years and practiced at MedVet Columbus in Worthington, Ohio, for several years. He also served as a consultant with several organizations, including the National Institutes of Health’s National Eye Institute.

Active in organized veterinary medicine, Dr. Wyman was a past president of the ACVO and Ohio VMA and served on the AVMA Council on Education. The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine named him a Distinguished Alumnus in 1992 and also honored him with an Alumni Recognition Award in 2003. Dr. Wyman was a recipient of the OVMA Veterinarian of the Year Award and OVMA Distinguished Service Award and received teaching awards from The Ohio State University and The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine. His wife, Marlyn; a son and a daughter; six grandchildren; and two brothers survive him. Memorials may be made to the Dr. Milton Wyman Residency Fund in Veterinary Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University Foundation, 14 E. 15th Ave., Columbus, OH 43201; to St. Peter’s Episcopal Church, 45 W. Winter St., Delaware, OH 43015; or to Andrews House, a nonprofit community center, and sent to 39 W. Winter St., Delaware, OH 43015.