The AVMA has conducted its annual survey of fourth-year veterinary medical students in cooperation with the schools and colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States for several decades now. For 2019, surveys were sent to 3,177 veterinary medical students expected to graduate in the spring of that year from the 30 US schools and colleges of veterinary medicine. Responses were received from 2,737 (86.2%; Appendix) students. Surveys were distributed approximately 4 weeks prior to the time of graduation for each school or college. Data on veterinary students' employment choices, expected salaries, and estimated educational indebtedness were collected from survey respondents. All 30 schools and colleges participated in the web-based survey. In the results reported here, base sizes varied because some respondents did not answer all questions.
Employment of New Graduates
At the time of the survey, 2,699 of the 2,737 (98.6%) respondents indicated they had sought or were actively seeking employment in veterinary medicine or advanced education opportunities. The remaining 38 (1.4%) respondents indicated they were not actively seeking such positions. Among the 2,699 respondents seeking veterinary positions, 2,552 (94.6%) had received ≥ 1 offer. Of the 2,538 who specified the number of offers received, 1,015 (40.0%) had received 1 offer, 580 (22.9%) had received 2 offers, 475 (18.7%) had received 3 offers, and 468 (18.4%) had received ≥ 4 offers. The mean number of offers for those who reported the number of offers received was 2.4 (median, 2); among those securing advanced education and full-time positions, mean numbers of offers were 1.9 and 2.7, respectively.
At the time of the survey, 2,391 of 2,552 (93.7%) respondents who had received employment or advanced education offers had accepted a position. Of these, 2,390 reported the sector of their secured postgraduate position (Table 1). Among those who had accepted offers, 1,640 (68.6%) had accepted full-time positions in private practice (n = 1,545) or in public or corporate practice (95), and 750 (31.4%) had accepted advanced education offers. Of the 1,545 respondents who had accepted employment in private practice, 83 (5.4%), 247 (16.0%), 1,187 (76.8%), and 28 (1.8%) had chosen positions in food animal, mixed animal, companion animal, and equine practice, respectively. Among respondents who had accepted positions in public or corporate practice, the largest proportions had accepted positions in the federal government (28/95 [29.5%]) or the uniformed services (28/95 [29.5%]). Of the 750 respondents who had accepted positions in advanced education programs, 727 (96.9%) were entering internships or residencies. Fourteen of the remaining 23 respondents reported plans to pursue a doctoral or master's degree.
Mean full-time starting salaries of year-2019 graduates* of US veterinary medical schools and colleges, classified by type of employment.
| Employment type | No. (%) accepting position | Mean ± SD starting salary | No. reporting starting salary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Private practice | |||
| Food animal exclusive | 35 (1.5) | 80,088 ± 17,328 | 35 |
| Food animal predominant | 48 (2.0) | 74,888 ± 15,370 | 48 |
| Mixed animal | 247 (10.3) | 75,391 ± 14,205 | 244 |
| Companion animal predominant | 271 (11.3) | 90,385 ± 19,611 | 268 |
| Companion animal exclusive | 916 (38.3) | 90,893 ± 18,329 | 915 |
| Equine | 28 (1.2) | 53,804 ± 26,168 | 28 |
| All private practice | 1,545 (64.6) | 86,924 ± 19,558 | 1,538 |
| Public and corporate practice | |||
| Federal government (civil service) | 28 (1.2) | 70,495 ± 11,459 | 28 |
| Uniformed services | 28 (1.2) | 67,464 ± 13,154 | 28 |
| College or university | 6 (0.3) | 31,580 ± 6,145 | 6 |
| State or local government | 4 (0.2) | 93,150 ± 11,417 | 4 |
| Industry-commercial | 3 (0.1) | 91,000 ± 12,767 | 3 |
| Not-for-profit | 15 (0.6) | 80,300 ± 13,641 | 15 |
| Other | 11 (0.5) | 81,123 ± 27,103 | 10 |
| All public and corporate practice | 95 (4.0) | 71,422 ± 18,976 | 94 |
| Advanced education program | |||
| Master's degree† | 6 (0.3) | 46,125 ± 27,756 | 4 |
| PhD | 8 (0.3) | 34,951 ± 14,646 | 8 |
| Internship (private or academic) | 669 (28.0) | 34,029 ± 8,085 | 665 |
| Residency | 58 (2.4) | 42,747 ± 12,860 | 58 |
| Other | 9 (0.4) | 47,720 ± 7,858 | 8 |
| All advanced education | 750 (31.4) | 34,932 ± 9,213 | 743 |
| Totals‡ | |||
| All employment types except advanced education programs | 1,640 (68.6) | 86,031 | 1,632 |
| All employment types | 2,390 (100) | 70,045 | 2,375 |
Surveys were sent to 3,177 veterinary medical students expected to graduate in spring 2019, and responses were received from 2,737. In total, 2,391 had accepted positions at the time of the survey; 2,390 reported the type of position accepted, and salary information was provided by 2,375 of those who had accepted full-time employment or advanced education offers.
Master's degree included Master of Public Health (n = 2), Master of Preventative Veterinary Medicine (1), and Master of Science (1).
Totals represent the overall values for each column.
Nearly all respondents who had accepted full-time employment or advanced education offers reported the total hours they expected to work per week (2,381/2,391 [99.6%]); 136 (5.7%) expected to work < 40 h/wk, 1,428 (60.0%) expected to work between 40 and 50 h/wk, and 817 (34.3%) expected to work > 50 h/wk. The mean amount of time expected to work was 51 h/wk. Those who had accepted full-time positions in private practice (mean, 45 h/wk) or in public or corporate practice (mean, 47 h/wk) expected to work, on average, about 20 h/wk less than those who had accepted advanced education offers (mean, 66 h/wk).
Advanced Education
Of the 750 respondents who had accepted advanced education offers, 669 (89.2%) had accepted an internship, 58 (7.7%) had accepted a residency, and 23 (3.1%) had accepted a position in a master's degree program, doctoral degree program, or some other educational program. Of the 663 respondents who indicated the type of internship chosen, 309 (46.6%) had accepted a position in a private referral practice, 170 (25.6%) had accepted a position in academia, 105 (15.8%) had accepted a private practice position, 58 (8.7%) had accepted a position in a corporate-owned practice, and 21 (3.2%) had accepted a position with a not-for-profit organization. Companion animal internships were the most commonly selected species focus (494/664 [74.4%]), followed by equine (135 [20.3%]), food animal (12 [1.8%]), zoological or exotic animal (11 [1.7%]), and mixed animal (8 [1.2%]) internships and internships involving other specialties (4 [0.6%]).
Respondents who reported they accepted an internship were asked about their primary reason for doing so. Of the 665 who answered, 324 (48.7%) indicated they planned to apply for a residency, 148 (22.3%) indicated they wanted to practice better medicine, 105 (15.8%) believed they needed more training before entering veterinary practice, and 80 (12.0%) reported they felt they required an internship to obtain employment in their desired position. Two (0.3%) respondents indicated they believed they would earn more money in veterinary medicine by doing an internship, 2 (0.3%) indicated they were not able to obtain a position in other aspects of veterinary medicine, and 4 (0.6%) indicated they chose to participate in an internship for reasons other than the choices listed on the survey.
Specialty Board Certification
Overall, 834 of the 2,737 (30.5%) respondents indicated they were planning to pursue certification in an AVMA-recognized specialty. When respondents were asked to indicate their likely area of specialization (with respondents able to choose > 1 area), 200 (24.0%) indicated internal medicine (cardiology, neurology, or oncology), 154 (18.5%) selected surgery, 104 (12.5%) selected emergency and critical care, 88 (10.6%) selected zoological medicine, and 75 (9.0%) selected veterinary practice. The least frequently selected response options were poultry medicine (11 [1.3%]), microbiology (9 [1.1%]), nutrition (6 [0.7%]), clinical pharmacology (4 [0.5%]), and toxicology (3 [0.4%]).
Base Starting Salary
Respondents who had accepted a full-time or continuing education position were asked to describe the method of compensation. Of the 2,391 respondents who had accepted full-time positions, 1,443 (60.4%) indicated they would receive a guaranteed salary (or stipend) with no option for a production bonus, 889 (37.2%) indicated they would receive a base salary (or stipend) with a production bonus, 22 (0.9%) indicated they would be paid solely on a production basis, and 37 (1.5%) were uncertain. Overall, 2,375 of the 2,391 (99.3%) respondents identified the full-time or advanced education position they had accepted as well as their expected income (Figure 1).
Relative frequency distribution of starting salaries of year-2019 graduates of US veterinary medical schools or colleges who accepted full-time positions in private, public, or corporate practice or in a continuing education program. Salary information was provided by 2,375 of 2,391 (99.3%) respondents who had accepted a full-time position in practice or in an advanced education program.
Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 257, 3; 10.2460/javma.257.3.292
Relative frequency distribution of starting salaries of year-2019 graduates of US veterinary medical schools or colleges who accepted full-time positions in private, public, or corporate practice or in a continuing education program. Salary information was provided by 2,375 of 2,391 (99.3%) respondents who had accepted a full-time position in practice or in an advanced education program.
Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 257, 3; 10.2460/javma.257.3.292
Relative frequency distribution of starting salaries of year-2019 graduates of US veterinary medical schools or colleges who accepted full-time positions in private, public, or corporate practice or in a continuing education program. Salary information was provided by 2,375 of 2,391 (99.3%) respondents who had accepted a full-time position in practice or in an advanced education program.
Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 257, 3; 10.2460/javma.257.3.292
To provide a more accurate measure of changes in starting salary over time, an index that held variables (eg, geographic location and type of position) constant if they explained a significant (P < 0.05; multiple linear regression) amount of the variation in salary was used to calculate the weighted mean starting salary. Because of cost of living, veterinarians in urban areas were typically paid higher salaries than those in rural areas. Thus, without this adjustment, an increase in the proportion of veterinarians who accepted jobs in rural areas could have depressed the overall mean starting salary, even if salaries increased in both rural and urban areas. By use of this index, we estimated that the weighted mean salary of respondents who accepted full-time positions in 2019 was $84,982 (unweighted mean salary, $86,031), which represented a 4.2% increase from the weighted mean salary of $81,571 for graduating students who had accepted full-time positions in 2018.1
The unweighted mean salary (stipend) for respondents who accepted advanced education offers in 2019 was $34,932, representing a 3.1% increase from the unweighted mean salary of $33,879 for graduating students who had accepted advanced education offers in 2018.
Of the 35 respondents who had accepted full-time positions in food animal–exclusive practices, 21 (60.0%) were offered a starting annual salary of ≥ $80,000, 11 (31.4%) were offered a starting annual salary between $60,00 and $79,999, and 3 (8.6%) were offered a starting annual salary between $30,000 and $59,999 (Table 2). This variation in starting salaries was likely explained by differences in cost of living resulting from geographic disparities. By contrast, of the 915 respondents who had accepted full-time positions in companion animal–exclusive practices, 746 (81.5%) were offered a starting annual salary of ≥ $80,000, and only 29 (3.2%) were offered a starting annual salary of ≤ $59,999. Of the 28 respondents who had accepted full-time positions in equine practice, 5 (17.9%) were offered a starting annual salary of ≥ $80,000, 10 (35.7%) were offered a starting annual salary between $50,000 and $79,999, and 8 (28.6%) were offered a starting annual salary between $30,000 and $49,999.
Distribution of full-time starting annual salaries of year-2019 graduates* of US veterinary medical schools and colleges, classified by type of employment.
| Salary range ($) | FAE (n = 35) | FAP (n = 48) | MIX (n = 244) | CAP (n = 268) | CAE (n = 915) | EQU (n = 28) | PUB† (n = 94) | AEP‡ (n = 743) | Overall (n = 2,375) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 29,999 | — | — | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 17.9 | 3.2 | 31.4 | 10.4 |
| 30,000–39,999 | 5.7 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 21.4 | 2.1 | 36.1 | 12.3 |
| 40,000–49,999 | — | 6.3 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 7.1 | 5.3 | 25.6 | 9.1 |
| 50,000–59,999 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 5.9 | 3.2 |
| 60,000–69,999 | 8.6 | 14.6 | 19.3 | 4.1 | 2.8 | 14.3 | 22.3 | 0.5 | 5.2 |
| 70,000–79,999 | 22.9 | 33.3 | 41.4 | 15.3 | 12.5 | 10.7 | 23.4 | 0.3 | 12.9 |
| 80,000–89,999 | 28.6 | 31.3 | 20.9 | 24.3 | 26.6 | 7.1 | 21.3 | 0.1 | 17.1 |
| 90,000–99,999 | 17.1 | 8.3 | 6.1 | 22.8 | 25.4 | 3.6 | 5.3 | — | 13.6 |
| ≥ 100,000 | 14.3 | 2.1 | 7.0 | 29.9 | 29.6 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 0.1 | 16.2 |
For each type of employment, values indicate the percentage of respondents who reported salary in a given range.
Includes respondents who accepted a full-time position in federal, state, or local government; a college or university; industry or commercial organization; a not-for-profit organization; or other employment not listed separately.
Includes respondents who accepted advanced education offers in a residency, internship, master's, PhD, or other educational program not listed separately.
—= No observations in this category. AEP = Advanced education program. CAE = Companion animal exclusive. CAP = Companion animal predominant. EQU = Equine. FAE = Food animal exclusive. FAP = Food animal predominant. MIX = Mixed animal. PUB = Public and corporate practice.
See Table 1 for remainder of key.
Starting annual salary was reported by 665 respondents who had accepted an internship. Of these, 438 (65.9%) were offered a starting annual salary between $30,000 and $59,999, and 224 (33.7%) were offered a starting annual salary of ≤ $29,999. Of the 58 respondents who had accepted a residency, 50 (86.2%) were offered a starting annual salary between $30,000 and $59,999.
Benefits and Additional Compensation
Respondents who had accepted a full-time or continuing education position were asked whether they expected to receive additional benefits as part of their employment compensation. Of the 2,375 respondents reporting the sector in which they had secured employment and their starting salary, 2,349 (98.9%) reported they would receive additional benefits (Table 3). Overall, the most common benefits were paid vacation leave (1,913 [80.5%]), a medical or hospitalization plan (1,877 [79.0%]), continuing education expenses (1,816 [76.5%]), licensing fees (1,721 [72.5%]), liability insurance (1,580 [66.5%]), and discounted pet care (1,523 [64.1%]).
Additional benefits reported by year-2019 graduates* of US veterinary medical schools and colleges, classified by type of employment.
| Type of benefit | Private practice (n = 1,538) | Public or corporate practice (n = 94) | Advanced education program (n = 743) | Total (n = 2,375) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paid vacation leave | 1,364 (88.7) | 82 (87.2) | 467 (62.9) | 1,913 (80.5) |
| Medical or hospitalization plan | 1,197 (77.8) | 87 (92.6) | 593 (79.8) | 1,877 (79.0) |
| Continuing education expenses | 1,395 (90.7) | 44 (46.8) | 377 (50.7) | 1,816 (76.5) |
| Licensing fees | 1,293 (84.1) | 38 (40.4) | 390 (52.5) | 1,721 (72.5) |
| Liability insurance | 1,129 (73.4) | 49 (52.1) | 402 (54.1) | 1,580 (66.5) |
| Discounted pet care | 1,165 (75.7) | 22 (23.4) | 336 (45.2) | 1,523 (64.1) |
| Association dues | 1,150 (74.8) | 19 (20.2) | 217 (29.2) | 1,386 (58.4) |
| Continuing education leave | 1,107 (72.0) | 43 (45.7) | 210 (28.3) | 1,360 (57.3) |
| Paid sick leave | 975 (63.4) | 76 (80.9) | 232 (31.2) | 1,283 (54.0) |
| Dental plan | 787 (51.2) | 73 (77.7) | 372 (50.1) | 1,232 (51.9) |
| Tax-deferred retirement plan | 783 (50.9) | 60 (63.8) | 145 (19.5) | 988 (41.6) |
| Disability insurance | 604 (39.3) | 52 (55.3) | 243 (32.7) | 899 (37.9) |
| Paid legal holidays | 721 (46.9) | 73 (77.7) | 75 (10.1) | 869 (36.6) |
| Employer contribution or matching to tax-deferred retirement plan | 763 (49.6) | 43 (45.7) | 55 (7.4) | 861 (36.3) |
| Life insurance | 420 (27.3) | 60 (63.8) | 175 (23.6) | 655 (27.6) |
| Personal use of vehicle | 218 (14.2) | 17 (18.1) | 47 (6.3) | 282 (11.9) |
| Other | 95 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 33 (4.4) | 128 (5.4) |
| Informal profit-sharing plan (not tax deferred) | 56 (3.6) | 3 (3.2) | 2 (0.3) | 61 (2.6) |
| Total | 1,526 (99.2) | 91 (96.8) | 732 (98.5) | 2,349 (98.9) |
Data are given as number (%) of respondents.
See Table 1 for remainder of key.
Of 1,538 respondents who reported accepting a position in private practice, 1,526 (99.2%) indicated they expected to receive additional benefits. The most common benefits were continuing education expenses (1,395 [90.7%]), paid vacation leave (1,364 [88.7%]), licensing fees (1,293 [84.1%]), a medical or hospitalization plan (1,197 [77.8%]), and discounted pet care (1,165 [75.7%]). For 94 respondents who reported accepting a position in public or corporate practice, the most common benefits were a medical or hospitalization plan (87 [92.6%]), paid vacation leave (82 [87.2%]), paid sick leave (76 [80.9%]), and a dental plan (73 [77.7%]). Of 743 respondents who reported accepting a position in an advanced education program (inclusive of internships and residencies), 732 (98.5%) indicated they expected to receive additional benefits.
Respondents were asked to report whether they expected to receive a signing bonus, moving allowance, emergency case compensation, housing allowance, or student loan repayment assistance as additional compensation (Table 4). Among the 1,538 who reported accepting a position in private practice, 462 (30.0%) received a signing bonus, 327 (21.3%) received a moving allowance, 98 (6.4%) received emergency case compensation, 13 (0.8%) received a housing allowance, and 108 (7.0%) received student loan repayment assistance. Among the 94 who reported accepting a position in public or corporate practice, 8 (8.5%) received a signing bonus, 22 (23.4%) received a moving allowance, 13 (13.8%) received a housing allowance, and 3 (3.2%) received student loan repayment assistance. Among the 743 who accepted a position in an advanced education program, 4 (0.5%) received a signing bonus, 20 (2.7%) received a moving allowance, 19 (2.6%) received emergency case compensation, 19 (2.6%) received a housing allowance, and 1 (0.1%) received student loan repayment assistance.
Additional compensation anticipated during the first year of employment in full-time positions for year-2019 graduates* of US veterinary medical schools and colleges, classified by employment type.
| Type of additional compensation | Employment type | No. (%) of respondents | Mean ± SD value ($) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Signing bonus | |||
| Private practice | 462 (30.0) | 6,517 ± 5,396 | |
| Public or corporate practice | 8 (8.5) | 5,188 ± 3,023 | |
| Advanced education | 4 (0.5) | 3,500 ± 4,491 | |
| Moving allowance | |||
| Private practice | 327 (21.3) | 2,984 ± 1,880 | |
| Public or corporate practice | 22 (23.4) | 4,114 ± 3,624 | |
| Advanced education | 20 (2.7) | 1,298 ± 1,210 | |
| Emergency case compensation | |||
| Private practice | 98 (6.4) | 5,711 ± 4,264 | |
| Public or corporate practice | NA | N A | |
| Advanced education | 19 (2.6) | 3,231 ± 2,698 | |
| Housing allowance | |||
| Private practice | 13 (0.8) | 12,000 ± 6,630 | |
| Public or corporate practice | 13 (13.8) | 14,800 ± 14,013 | |
| Advanced education | 19 (2.6) | 8,650 ± 13,160 | |
| Student loan repayment assistance | |||
| Private practice | 108 (7.0) | 4,474 ± 5,547 | |
| Public or corporate practice | 3 (3.2) | 33,333 ± 5,774 | |
| Advanced education | 1 (0.1) | 15,000 | |
Values were based on information from 1,046 respondents who indicated they would receive ≥ 1 type of additional compensation to supplement their salary; not all respondents provided values for this compensation.
NA = Not applicable.
See Table 1 for remainder of key.
Educational Debt
Respondents were asked to indicate how much educational debt they had when they began veterinary school and their total anticipated debt at the time of graduation; 2,720 of 2,737 (99.4%) survey respondents provided this information. The amount of educational debt accumulated during veterinary school was determined by subtracting entering debt from anticipated debt at graduation; the frequency distribution was summarized (Figure 2). Among the 2,720 respondents providing educational debt information, 1,445 (53.1%) reported accumulating ≥ $150,000 of educational debt during veterinary school (Table 5). The mean educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for all respondents (n = 2,720) was $149,877 (median, $156,597). Excluding respondents who reported that they did not accumulate any educational debt during veterinary school (n = 496 [18.2%]), the mean educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for year-2019 graduates was $183,302, compared with $183,014 for year-2018 graduates.
Relative frequency distribution of educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for year-2017 (n = 2,613; blue bars), year-2018 (2,758; orange bars), and year-2019 (2,720; gray bars) graduates of US veterinary medical schools and colleges.
Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 257, 3; 10.2460/javma.257.3.292
Relative frequency distribution of educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for year-2017 (n = 2,613; blue bars), year-2018 (2,758; orange bars), and year-2019 (2,720; gray bars) graduates of US veterinary medical schools and colleges.
Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 257, 3; 10.2460/javma.257.3.292
Relative frequency distribution of educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for year-2017 (n = 2,613; blue bars), year-2018 (2,758; orange bars), and year-2019 (2,720; gray bars) graduates of US veterinary medical schools and colleges.
Citation: Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 257, 3; 10.2460/javma.257.3.292
Distribution of educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for year-2019 graduates* of US veterinary medical schools and colleges.
| Educational debt ($) | Percentage of respondents | Cumulative percentage |
|---|---|---|
| None | 18.2 | 18.2 |
| 1–24,999 | 2.5 | 20.8 |
| 25,000–49,999 | 2.6 | 23.4 |
| 50,000–74,999 | 3.5 | 26.9 |
| 75,000–99,999 | 5.1 | 32.1 |
| 100,000–124,999 | 6.8 | 38.9 |
| 125,000–149,999 | 8.0 | 46.9 |
| 150,000–174,999 | 11.0 | 57.9 |
| 175,000–199,999 | 10.5 | 68.4 |
| 200,000–224,999 | 8.6 | 76.9 |
| 225,000–249,999 | 4.6 | 81.5 |
| 250,000–274,999 | 4.5 | 86.0 |
| 275,000–299,999 | 3.3 | 89.3 |
| 300,000–324,999 | 4.3 | 93.6 |
| 325,000–349,999 | 2.8 | 96.4 |
| 350,000–374,999 | 1.8 | 98.2 |
| 375,000–399,999 | 1.0 | 99.2 |
| ≥ 400,000 | 0.8 | 100.0 |
Values were based on information from 2,720 respondents who answered questions about debt. Cumulative percentage represents the percentage of respondents who had debt less than or equal to the specific range's upper limit (eg, 32.1% of respondents reported debt ≤ $99,999).
The frequency distributions of educational debt accumulated during veterinary school for students who graduated each year from 2017 to 2019 were compared (Figure 2). The percentage of 2019 respondents who reported accumulating ≥ $250,000 in educational debt (18.5%) was similar to the percentage of 2018 respondents who reported accumulating this much educational debt (18.7%). The percentage of 2019 respondents who reported no educational debt (18.2%) was almost 1 percentage point higher than the percentage of 2018 respondents who reported no educational debt (17.3%).
References
1. Bain B, Salois M. Employment, starting salaries, and educational indebtedness of year-2018 graduates of US veterinary medical colleges. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019;254:1061–1066.
Appendix
Response rates for fourth-year students at the 30 schools and colleges of veterinary medicine in the United States who participated in a 2019 survey of employment, starting salaries, and educational indebtedness.
| Veterinary school or college | Response rate of graduating class (%) |
|---|---|
| Auburn University | 100 |
| Colorado State University | 64 |
| Cornell University | 99 |
| Iowa State University | 74 |
| Kansas State University | 53 |
| Lincoln Memorial University | 100 |
| Louisiana State University | 100 |
| Michigan State University | 67 |
| Midwestern University | 70 |
| Mississippi State University | 100 |
| North Carolina State University | 100 |
| The Ohio State University | 80 |
| Oklahoma State University | 100 |
| Oregon State University | 65 |
| Purdue University | 100 |
| Texas A&M University | 99 |
| Tufts University | 72 |
| Tuskegee University | 100 |
| University of California-Davis | 100 |
| University of Florida | 94 |
| University of Georgia | 96 |
| University of Illinois | 79 |
| University of Minnesota | 92 |
| University of Missouri | 91 |
| University of Pennsylvania | 78 |
| University of Tennessee | 98 |
| University of Wisconsin | 96 |
| Virginia Tech | 100 |
| Washington State University | 60 |
| Western University of Health Sciences | 84 |
| Overall response rate | 86.2 |
