1. Dog Food Project. Menadione (vitamin K3). Available at: www.dogfoodproject.com/index.php?page=menadione. Accessed Aug 12, 2017.

1. Dog Food Project. Menadione (vitamin K₃). Available at: www.dogfoodproject.com/index.php?page=menadione. Accessed Aug 12, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

2. Thixton S. A pet food ingredient to be wary of: menadione sodium bisulfate. Available at: truthaboutpetfood.com/a-pet-food-ingredient-to-be-wary-of-menadione-sodium-bisulfate/. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.

2. Thixton S. A pet food ingredient to be wary of: menadione sodium bisulfate. Available at: truthaboutpetfood.com/a-pet-food-ingredient-to-be-wary-of-menadione-sodium-bisulfate/. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

3. Posses S. Maker of Rachael Ray's dog food blasts ‘natural’ label row. Available at: www.law360.com/cases/58b5e1dfe2b1d61de4000007?article_sidebar=1. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.

3. Posses S. Maker of Rachael Ray's dog food blasts ‘natural’ label row. Available at: www.law360.com/cases/58b5e1dfe2b1d61de4000007?article_sidebar=1. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

4. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 United States Code §321(s). Definitions, generally. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2016-title21/pdf/USCODE-2016-title21-chap9-subchapII-sec321.pdf. Accessed Nov 30. 2017.

4. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 United States Code §321(s). Definitions, generally. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2016-title21/pdf/USCODE-2016-title21-chap9-subchapII-sec321.pdf. Accessed Nov 30. 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

5. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §582. Substances generally recognized as safe. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-part582.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.

5. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §582. Substances generally recognized as safe. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-part582.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

6. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §584. Food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe in feed and drinking water of animals. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-part584.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017

6. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §584. Food substances affirmed as generally recognized as safe in feed and drinking water of animals. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-part584.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

7. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §107.100(a) and (c). Nutrient requirements. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol2-sec107-100.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.

7. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §107.100(a) and (c). Nutrient requirements. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol2-sec107-100.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

8. Department of Health and Human Services, FDA. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §106 and 107. Current good manufacturing practice, quality control procedures, quality factors, notification requirements, and records and reports for the production of infant formula. Fed Regist 1996;132:36154–36219.

8. Department of Health and Human Services, FDA. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §106 and 107. Current good manufacturing practice, quality control procedures, quality factors, notification requirements, and records and reports for the production of infant formula. Fed Regist 1996;132:36154–36219.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

9. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §573.620. Menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-sec573-620.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.

9. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §573.620. Menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-sec573-620.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

10. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §573.625. Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-sec573-625.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.

10. US Government Publishing Office. Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations §573.625. Menadione nicotinamide bisulfite. Available at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2017-title21-vol6/pdf/CFR-2017-title21-vol6-sec573-625.pdf. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

11. FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine. Vitamin K substances and animal feed. Available at: www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/safetyhealth/animalfeedsafetysystemafss/ucm531588.htm. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.

11. FDA, Center for Veterinary Medicine. Vitamin K substances and animal feed. Available at: www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/safetyhealth/animalfeedsafetysystemafss/ucm531588.htm. Accessed Nov 30, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

12. DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. Vitamin K1: manufacturing principle (technical bulletin). Basel, Switzerland: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, 2011.

12. DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. Vitamin K1: manufacturing principle (technical bulletin). Basel, Switzerland: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, 2011.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

13. DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. Product data sheet: vitamin K1 (technical bulletin). Basel, Switzerland: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, 2015.

13. DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. Product data sheet: vitamin K1 (technical bulletin). Basel, Switzerland: DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, 2015.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

14. Dam H. Cholesterinstoffweschel in Hühnereiern and Hünchen. Biochem Z 1929;215:475–492.

14. Dam H. Cholesterinstoffweschel in Hühnereiern and Hünchen. Biochem Z 1929;215:475–492.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

15. McFarlane WD, Graham WR, Richardson F. The fat-soluble vitamin requirements of the chick: the vitamin A and vitamin D content of fish meal and meat meal. Biochem J 1931;25:358–366.

15. McFarlane WDGraham WRRichardson F. The fat-soluble vitamin requirements of the chick: the vitamin A and vitamin D content of fish meal and meat meal. Biochem J 1931;25:358–366.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

16. Dam H. The antihaemorrhagic vitamin of the chick. Biochem J 1935;29:1273–1285.

16. Dam H. The antihaemorrhagic vitamin of the chick. Biochem J 1935;29:1273–1285.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

17. Dam H. The antihaemorrhagic vitamin of the chick: occurrence and chemical nature. Nature 1935;135:652–653.

17. Dam H. The antihaemorrhagic vitamin of the chick: occurrence and chemical nature. Nature 1935;135:652–653.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

18. MacCorquodale DW, Cheney LC, Binkley WF, et al. The constitution and synthesis of vitamin K1. J Biol Chem 1939;131:357–370.

18. MacCorquodale DWCheney LCBinkley WF, et al. The constitution and synthesis of vitamin K₁. J Biol Chem 1939;131:357–370.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

19. Dewitt Andrus W. The newer knowledge of vitamin K. Bull N Y Acad Med 1941;17:116–134.

19. Dewitt Andrus W. The newer knowledge of vitamin K. Bull N Y Acad Med 1941;17:116–134.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

20. Mameesh MS, Johnson BC. Production of dietary vit. K deficiency in the rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1959;101:467–468.

20. Mameesh MSJohnson BC. Production of dietary vit. K deficiency in the rat. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1959;101:467–468.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

21. Strieker MJ, Morris JG, Feldman BF, et al. Vitamin K deficiency in cats fed commercial fish-based diets. J Small Anim Pract 1996;37:322–326.

21. Strieker MJMorris JGFeldman BF, et al. Vitamin K deficiency in cats fed commercial fish-based diets. J Small Anim Pract 1996;37:322–326.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

22. Saker KE, Eddy AL, Thatcher CD, et al. Manipulation of dietary (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acids alters platelet function in cats. J Nutr 1998;128:2645S–2647S.

22. Saker KEEddy ALThatcher CD, et al. Manipulation of dietary (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acids alters platelet function in cats. J Nutr 1998;128:2645S–2647S.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

23. Edwards DF, Russell RG. Probable vitamin K-deficient bleeding in two cats with malabsorption syndrome secondary to lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis. J Vet Intern Med 1987;1:97–101.

23. Edwards DFRussell RG. Probable vitamin K-deficient bleeding in two cats with malabsorption syndrome secondary to lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis. J Vet Intern Med 1987;1:97–101.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

24. Boudreaux MK, Reinhart GA, Vaughn DM, et al. The effects of varying dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios on platelet reactivity, coagulation screening assays, and antithrombin III activity in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997;33:235–243.

24. Boudreaux MKReinhart GAVaughn DM, et al. The effects of varying dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios on platelet reactivity, coagulation screening assays, and antithrombin III activity in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1997;33:235–243.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

25. Center SA, Warner K, Corbett J, et al. Proteins invoked by vitamin K absence and clotting times in clinically ill cats. J Vet Intern Med 2000;14:292–297.

25. Center SAWarner KCorbett J, et al. Proteins invoked by vitamin K absence and clotting times in clinically ill cats. J Vet Intern Med 2000;14:292–297.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

26. Lisciandro SC, Hohenhaus A, Brooks M. Coagulation abnormalities in 22 cats with naturally occurring liver disease. J Vet Intern Med 1998;12:71–75.

26. Lisciandro SCHohenhaus ABrooks M. Coagulation abnormalities in 22 cats with naturally occurring liver disease. J Vet Intern Med 1998;12:71–75.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

27. AAFCO. AAFCO methods for substantiating nutritional adequacy of dog and cat foods: AAFCO dog and cat food nutrient profiles. In: 2017 AAFCO official publication. Champaign, Ill: Association of American Feed Control Officials, 2017;149–174.

27. AAFCO. AAFCO methods for substantiating nutritional adequacy of dog and cat foods: AAFCO dog and cat food nutrient profiles. In: 2017 AAFCO official publication. Champaign, Ill: Association of American Feed Control Officials, 2017;149–174.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

28. Ad Hoc Committee on Dog and Cat Nutrition. Vitamin K. In: Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006;210–212.

28. Ad Hoc Committee on Dog and Cat Nutrition. Vitamin K. In: Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006;210–212.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

29. Dutta SK, Bustin MP, Russell RM, et al. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in treated patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:549–552.

29. Dutta SKBustin MPRussell RM, et al. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins in treated patients with pancreatic insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 1982;97:549–552.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

30. Corrigan JJ. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361–368.

30. Corrigan JJ. The effect of vitamin E on warfarin-induced vitamin K deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1982;393:361–368.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

31. Delaney S. Obesity: what petfood companies should do to help. Petfood Forum News 2007;May 16. Available at: www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/596-obesity. Accessed Aug 17, 2017.

31. Delaney S. Obesity: what petfood companies should do to help. Petfood Forum News 2007;May 16. Available at: www.petfoodindustry.com/articles/596-obesity. Accessed Aug 17, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

32. Rebhun WC, Tennant BC, Dill SG, et al. Vitamin K3-induced renal toxicosis in the horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984;184:1237–1239.

32. Rebhun WCTennant BCDill SG, et al. Vitamin K₃-induced renal toxicosis in the horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984;184:1237–1239.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

33. Ansbacher S, Corwin WC, Thomas BGH. Toxicity of menadione, menadiol and esters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1942;75:111–124.

33. Ansbacher SCorwin WCThomas BGH. Toxicity of menadione, menadiol and esters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1942;75:111–124.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

34. Richards RK, Shapiro S. Experimental and clinical studies on the action of high doses of hykinone and other menadione derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1945;84:93–104.

34. Richards RKShapiro S. Experimental and clinical studies on the action of high doses of hykinone and other menadione derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1945;84:93–104.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

35. Fernandez FR, Davies AP, Teachout DJ, et al. Vitamin K-induced Heinz body formation in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1984;20:711–720.

35. Fernandez FRDavies APTeachout DJ, et al. Vitamin K-induced Heinz body formation in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1984;20:711–720.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

36. Rosenberg HR. The group of vitamins K. In: Rosenberg HR. Chemistry and physiology of the vitamins. New York: Inter-science Publishers Inc, 1942;479–509.

36. Rosenberg HR. The group of vitamins K. In: Rosenberg HR. Chemistry and physiology of the vitamins. New York: Inter-science Publishers Inc, 1942;479–509.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

37. Riaz MN, Asif M, Ali R. Stability of vitamins during extrusion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009;49:361–368.

37. Riaz MNAsif MAli R. Stability of vitamins during extrusion. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009;49:361–368.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

38. Sigma-Aldrich E-commerce Store. Vitamin K1. Available at: www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/v3501?lang=en&region=US. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.

38. Sigma-Aldrich E-commerce Store. Vitamin K₁. Available at: www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/v3501?lang=en&region=US. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

39. Sigma-Aldrich E-commerce Store. Menadione sodium bisulfite. Available at: www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/m5750?lang=en&region=US. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.

39. Sigma-Aldrich E-commerce Store. Menadione sodium bisulfite. Available at: www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/m5750?lang=en&region=US. Accessed Oct 8, 2017.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

40. Quick AJ, Collentine GE, Hussey CV. Vitamin K requirements of the growing pup. J Nutr 1962;77:28–32.

40. Quick AJCollentine GEHussey CV. Vitamin K requirements of the growing pup. J Nutr 1962;77:28–32.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

41. Clark WT, Halliwell REW. The treatment with vitamin K preparations of warfarin poisoning in dogs. Vet Rec 1963;75:1210–1213.

41. Clark WTHalliwell REW. The treatment with vitamin K preparations of warfarin poisoning in dogs. Vet Rec 1963;75:1210–1213.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

42. Maddison JE, Watson DJ, Eade IG, et al. Vitamin K-dependent multifactor coagulopathy in Devon Rex cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;197:1495–1497.

42. Maddison JEWatson DJEade IG, et al. Vitamin K-dependent multifactor coagulopathy in Devon Rex cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;197:1495–1497.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

43. Littlewood JD, Shaw SC, Coombes LM. Vitamin K-dependent coagulopathy in a British Devon Rex cat. J Small Anim Pract 1995;36:115–118.

43. Littlewood JDShaw SCCoombes LM. Vitamin K-dependent coagulopathy in a British Devon Rex cat. J Small Anim Pract 1995;36:115–118.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation

44. NRC Subcommittee on Vitamin Tolerance. Vitamin K. In: Vitamin tolerance of animals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1987;31–35.

44. NRC Subcommittee on Vitamin Tolerance. Vitamin K. In: Vitamin tolerance of animals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1987;31–35.)| false
• Search Google Scholar
• Export Citation