Cover Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
ISSN:
0003-1488
Publication Date:
15 Aug 2010
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Effect of colostral volume, interval between calving and first milking, and photoperiod on colostral IgG concentrations in dairy cows

Dawn E. Morin DVM, MS, DACVIM1, Stephanie V. Nelson DVM2, Eric D. Reid MS3, Dusty W. Nagy DVM, PhD, DACVIM4, Geoffrey E. Dahl PhD5, and Peter D. Constable BVSc, PhD, DACVIM6
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  • 1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802.
  • | 2 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802.
  • | 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802.
  • | 4 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802.
  • | 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802.
  • | 6 Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Agricultural, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.237.4.420
Volume/Issue:
Volume 237: Issue 4
Online Publication Date:
15 Aug 2010
Restricted access
Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

Objective—To identify cow and management factors associated with colostral IgG concentration in dairy cows.

Design—Prospective observational study.

Animals—81 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows from a single herd.

Procedures—Serum was obtained at the start of the nonlactating period, and cows were assigned to 1 of 4 photoperiod groups: natural day length (n = 22 cows), long days (16 h of light/d [21]) or short days (8 h of light/d [20]) for the entire nonlactating period, or natural day length followed by short days for the last 21 days of the nonlactating period (18). Serum and colostrum were collected at the first milking after calving. Regression analysis was used to investigate associations between colostral IgG concentration and the interval between calving and first milking, colostral volume, photoperiod, length of the nonlactating period, and season of calving.

Results—Colostral IgG concentration decreased by 3.7% during each subsequent hour after calving because of postparturient secretion by the mammary glands. The interval between calving and first milking and the colostral volume were significantly and negatively associated with colostral IgG concentration, with the former effect predominating. Photoperiod had no effect on colostral IgG concentration or volume. Serum protein concentration at calving correlated poorly with colostral IgG concentration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dairy producers should harvest colostrum as soon as possible after calving to optimize transfer of passive immunity in neonatal calves. Photoperiod can be manipulated without adversely affecting colostral IgG concentration.

Abstract

Objective—To identify cow and management factors associated with colostral IgG concentration in dairy cows.

Design—Prospective observational study.

Animals—81 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows from a single herd.

Procedures—Serum was obtained at the start of the nonlactating period, and cows were assigned to 1 of 4 photoperiod groups: natural day length (n = 22 cows), long days (16 h of light/d [21]) or short days (8 h of light/d [20]) for the entire nonlactating period, or natural day length followed by short days for the last 21 days of the nonlactating period (18). Serum and colostrum were collected at the first milking after calving. Regression analysis was used to investigate associations between colostral IgG concentration and the interval between calving and first milking, colostral volume, photoperiod, length of the nonlactating period, and season of calving.

Results—Colostral IgG concentration decreased by 3.7% during each subsequent hour after calving because of postparturient secretion by the mammary glands. The interval between calving and first milking and the colostral volume were significantly and negatively associated with colostral IgG concentration, with the former effect predominating. Photoperiod had no effect on colostral IgG concentration or volume. Serum protein concentration at calving correlated poorly with colostral IgG concentration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dairy producers should harvest colostrum as soon as possible after calving to optimize transfer of passive immunity in neonatal calves. Photoperiod can be manipulated without adversely affecting colostral IgG concentration.

Contributor Notes

Dr. Nelson's present address is Pittsburgh Veterinary Specialty and Emergency Center, 807 Camp Horne Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15237.

Mr. Reid's present address is The Old Mill Troy Inc, 37 Wolfert Ave, Menands, NY 12204.

Dr. Nagy's present address is the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211.

Dr. Dahl's present address is the Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

Dr. Constable's present address is the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Supported by the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, USDA (grant No. NE 1009); and the Illinois Council for Food and Agricultural Research.

Dr. Nelson was supported by the Merck-Merial Summer Veterinary Program administrated by the Center for Zoonoses Research at the University of Illinois.

The authors thank John Scott, Jennifer Dauderman, and Heather Hill for technical assistance.

Address correspondence to Dr. Constable (constabl@purdue.edu).