Cover Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
ISSN:
0003-1488
Publication Date:
15 May 2010
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Effects of anesthesia and surgery on serial blood gas values and lactate concentrations in yellow perch (Perca flavescens), walleye pike (Sander vitreus), and koi (Cyprinus carpio)

Christopher S. Hanley DVM, DACZM1, Victoria L. Clyde DVM2, Roberta S. Wallace DVM3, Joanne Paul-Murphy DVM, DACZM4, Tamatha A. Patterson MS5, Nicholas S. Keuler MS6, and Kurt K. Sladky MS, DVM, DACZM7
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  • 1 Milwaukee County Zoo, 10001 W Blue Mound Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226; and Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
  • | 2 Milwaukee County Zoo, 10001 W Blue Mound Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
  • | 3 Milwaukee County Zoo, 10001 W Blue Mound Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
  • | 4 Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
  • | 5 Milwaukee County Zoo, 10001 W Blue Mound Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226.
  • | 6 Department of Statistics, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
  • | 7 Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.236.10.1104
Volume/Issue:
Volume 236: Issue 10
Online Publication Date:
15 May 2010
Restricted access
Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate serial blood gas values and lactate concentrations in 3 fish species undergoing surgery and to compare blood lactate concentrations between fish that survived and those that died during the short-term postoperative period.

Design—Prospective cohort study.

Animals—10 yellow perch, 5 walleye pike, and 8 koi.

Procedures—Blood samples were collected from each fish at 3 time points: before anesthesia, during anesthesia, and immediately after surgery. Blood gas values and blood lactate concentrations were measured. Fish were monitored for 2 weeks postoperatively.

Results—All walleye and koi survived, but 2 perch died. Blood pH significantly decreased in perch from before to during anesthesia, but increased back to preanesthesia baseline values after surgery. Blood Pco2 decreased significantly in perch from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery, and also from during anesthesia to immediately after surgery, whereas blood Pco2 decreased significantly in koi from before to during anesthesia. Blood Po2 increased significantly in both perch and koi from before to during anesthesia, and also in koi from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery. For all 3 species, blood lactate concentrations increased significantly from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery. Blood lactate concentration (mean ± SD) immediately after surgery for the 8 surviving perch was 6.06 ± 1.47 mmol/L, which was significantly lower than blood lactate concentrations in the 2 nonsurviving perch (10.58 and 10.72 mmol/L).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—High blood lactate concentrations following surgery in fish may be predictive of a poor short-term postoperative survival rate.

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate serial blood gas values and lactate concentrations in 3 fish species undergoing surgery and to compare blood lactate concentrations between fish that survived and those that died during the short-term postoperative period.

Design—Prospective cohort study.

Animals—10 yellow perch, 5 walleye pike, and 8 koi.

Procedures—Blood samples were collected from each fish at 3 time points: before anesthesia, during anesthesia, and immediately after surgery. Blood gas values and blood lactate concentrations were measured. Fish were monitored for 2 weeks postoperatively.

Results—All walleye and koi survived, but 2 perch died. Blood pH significantly decreased in perch from before to during anesthesia, but increased back to preanesthesia baseline values after surgery. Blood Pco2 decreased significantly in perch from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery, and also from during anesthesia to immediately after surgery, whereas blood Pco2 decreased significantly in koi from before to during anesthesia. Blood Po2 increased significantly in both perch and koi from before to during anesthesia, and also in koi from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery. For all 3 species, blood lactate concentrations increased significantly from before anesthesia to immediately after surgery. Blood lactate concentration (mean ± SD) immediately after surgery for the 8 surviving perch was 6.06 ± 1.47 mmol/L, which was significantly lower than blood lactate concentrations in the 2 nonsurviving perch (10.58 and 10.72 mmol/L).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—High blood lactate concentrations following surgery in fish may be predictive of a poor short-term postoperative survival rate.

Contributor Notes

Dr. Hanley's present address is Department of Animal Health and Nutrition, Toledo Zoo, PO Box 140130, Toledo, OH 43614.

Dr. Paul-Murphy's present address is Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616.

Ms. Patterson's present address is Lake of Four Seasons, 1092 Shoreline Dr, Crown Point, IN 46307.

Address correspondence to Dr. Sladky (sladkyk@svm.vetmed.wisc.edu).