A thymoma may not be clinically evident unless it is large enough to cause abnormal respiratory tract signs or a paraneoplastic syndrome develops.
Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration is a safe, minimally invasive method for diagnosis of masses in the cranial portion of the mediastinum. Needle or excisional biopsy may be required to definitively distinguish or confirm a diagnosis of thymoma or lymphoma.
A minimally invasive thymoma may be surgically excised via median sternotomy in rabbits.
Neurofibrosarcoma is a locally invasive tumor with a tendency to recur unless excision has been wide and complete, and adjunctive radiotherapy or chemotherapy is administered.
