Clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasty in dogs: 96 cases (1986–1992)

Bruno J. Massat From the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Massat) and the Department of Surgery (Vasseur), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.

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Philip B. Vasseur From the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (Massat) and the Department of Surgery (Vasseur), School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.

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Summary

Results of total hip arthroplasty in 84 dogs (96 hips) were evaluated. Eight (9.5%) of the 84 dogs developed 1 or more complications after total hip arthroplasty. Complications resolved or were corrected in 4 of the dogs; all 4 ultimately achieved good or excellent hip function. Complications necessitated removal of the prosthesis in the other 4 dogs; 3 ultimately achieved fair hip junction and 1 had only poor hip junction. Therefore, after resolution of complications, 96% of the hips had good or excellent function. Force plate analysis was performed on 6 dogs with excellent hip function; peak vertical force for the limb that had been operated on was greater than or equal to peak vertical force for the contralateral limb. Radiographically, a radiolucent zone was visible around the acetabular component in 89% of the hips and around the femoral component in 26%. The radiolucent zone around the acetabular and femoral components widened in 14% (6 of 43) and 27% (3 of 11), respectively, of the hips with adequate radiographic follow-up. Aseptic loosening of the acetabular component developed in 3 (3%) of 96 hips; one was successfully revised. Aseptic loosening of the femoral component was not apparent in any of the dogs in this study. Other complications included femoral fracture (n = 3), neurapraxia (3), luxation (1), and unexplained lameness that required implant removal (1). None of the dogs had evidence of wound infection.

Summary

Results of total hip arthroplasty in 84 dogs (96 hips) were evaluated. Eight (9.5%) of the 84 dogs developed 1 or more complications after total hip arthroplasty. Complications resolved or were corrected in 4 of the dogs; all 4 ultimately achieved good or excellent hip function. Complications necessitated removal of the prosthesis in the other 4 dogs; 3 ultimately achieved fair hip junction and 1 had only poor hip junction. Therefore, after resolution of complications, 96% of the hips had good or excellent function. Force plate analysis was performed on 6 dogs with excellent hip function; peak vertical force for the limb that had been operated on was greater than or equal to peak vertical force for the contralateral limb. Radiographically, a radiolucent zone was visible around the acetabular component in 89% of the hips and around the femoral component in 26%. The radiolucent zone around the acetabular and femoral components widened in 14% (6 of 43) and 27% (3 of 11), respectively, of the hips with adequate radiographic follow-up. Aseptic loosening of the acetabular component developed in 3 (3%) of 96 hips; one was successfully revised. Aseptic loosening of the femoral component was not apparent in any of the dogs in this study. Other complications included femoral fracture (n = 3), neurapraxia (3), luxation (1), and unexplained lameness that required implant removal (1). None of the dogs had evidence of wound infection.

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