Some incomes rise, but others fall
Mean income increased between 2007 and 2009 for companion animal-exclusive practitioners but decreased during that period for private practitioners in other categories.
That's according to the recently released 2011 AVMA Report on Veterinary Compensation, which draws on results from AVMA Biennial Economic Surveys performed in 2010 and in previous years. The 2010 survey collected data for the 2009 calendar year.
The report reveals that mean income for private practitioners overall increased between 2007 and 2009, from $115,447 to $121,303, because of the high proportion of companion animal–exclusive practitioners.
In 2009, food animal–exclusive veterinarians had the highest mean income among all private practice categories, at $131,479. The lowest mean incomes in private practice were in the categories of food animal–predominant practice, at $102,231, and mixed animal practice, at $107,064.
In an ongoing trend, female veterinarians had lower mean incomes than male veterinarians in private practice and in public and corporate practice.
Mean income for veterinarians in public and corporate practice increased between 2007 and 2009, from $121,560 to $124,232. The top-earning veterinarians worked in industry, with a mean income of $167,415 in 2009.
Between 2007 and 2009, median incomes for veterinarians in every category of public and corporate practice increased or stayed the same.
Median incomes stayed the same for veterinarians working in industry or academia. Industry veterinarians had a median income of $148,000 in 2009, and veterinarians at a college or university had a median income of $103,000.
Veterinarians working for a state or local government had a median income of $106,000 in 2009, up from $94,000 in 2007. Median income for veterinarians working in the federal government was $103,000 in 2009, up from $97,000 in 2007.
Veterinarians in the uniformed services had a median income of $85,000 in 2009, up from $79,000 in 2007.
Median income was lower for female veterinarians than for male veterinarians in public and corporate practice overall and within almost every category in 2009. Female and male veterinarians in the federal government had the same median income, at $103,000.
Female veterinarians in public and corporate practice with one to two, three to four, and five to nine years of experience had a higher median income than male veterinarians with the same amount of experience.
Specialists continue to have a lower median income in public and corporate practice than they do in private practice. Specialists had a median income of $133,000 in public and corporate practice, in comparison with a median income of $157,000 in private practice.
The AVMA has released the Report on Veterinary Compensation in book form and as a downloadable PDF file. The report is available for purchase either by calling the AVMA Store at (800) 248–2862, Ext. 6655, or visiting www.avma.org, then clicking on “Resource documents” under the green “Products” bar.
Reconciling scope-of-practice disputes
Many state legislatures reconvened at the beginning of the year, and state VMAs and veterinary examining boards have already stepped up their lobbying efforts.
Three states in particular—Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas—have been addressing where certain medical procedures should fall under their state veterinary practice acts.
The Texas VMA's Equine Committee appointed a task force to work on crafting legislation on the issue of equine tooth floating by lay practitioners. Currently, these individuals practice without any regulation.
S.B. 895 was filed Feb. 23. The legislation would create state-licensed “equine dental technicians” who must operate under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian, similar to licensed human dental assistants or hygienists, who operate under the supervision of a human dentist. They would have to complete a board-approved training program, pass a jurisprudence examination, be recommended by two equine veterinarians, and meet continuing education requirements.
Equine dental technicians would be allowed to engage in the practice of equine dentistry under the immediate or direct supervision of a veterinarian. A grandfather clause would be included to allow experienced individuals who can prove their proficiency.
The Oklahoma State Board of Veterinary Medical Examiners and the Oklahoma Farm Bureau have been at odds for two years now over veterinary scope-of-practice issues.
According to legislation supported by the Farm Bureau and passed in 2010, trained laypersons may perform tooth floating on horses and other livestock. The law also removes animal husbandry as a defining part of veterinary medicine.
The two sides, at the beginning of the year, agreed to sit down together and hash out a compromise. They've met five times to develop legislation, which was introduced the first day of Oklahoma's legislative session, Feb. 7.
H.B. 1310 calls for individuals who perform animal husbandry services, including ultrasonography, to be certified by the state board. It also defines acts not prohibited in the state practice act, such as dehorning, tooth floating, and castration.
Dr. David M. Blount, immediate past president of the Arkansas VMA, said the Arkansas VMA is now having legislation drafted that would request an interim study to evaluate the Arkansas Veterinary Medical Practice Act pertaining to large animal medicine. The bill already has two sponsors.
“The study will also examine the large animal veterinarian shortage, the need for large animal technician services, large animal health care exemptions, and the impact that exemptions and lay health care have on animal health care,” Dr. Blount said. “We will bring to the table those groups and individuals who can provide the best ideas in solving these issues.”
This study would be done over the course of the next two years in preparation for any amendments to the practice act in the 2013 biennial legislative session.
Profession's global leaders converge on Paris
The opening ceremony of World Veterinary Year—Vet2011—and related events, held Jan. 23–24 in Paris, provided ample opportunities for international veterinary leaders to share successes, discuss common problems, and celebrate the profession.
Drs. Larry R. Corry, AVMA immediate past president, and Ron DeHaven, AVMA CEO, traveled to France to represent the Association. Part of their agenda involved attending the Vet2011 executive council meeting Jan. 23, held at the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) building in Paris.
On Jan. 24, the Vet2011 opening ceremony was held at Versailles, and more than 700 invited guests attended.
Speakers included Margaret Chan, MD, director general of the World Health Organization, by video; Jacques Diouf, PhD, director general of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization; and Dr. Tjeerd Jorna, president of the World Veterinary Association.
Deans from four French veterinary schools attended the ceremony, as did approximately a dozen veterinary students from Alfort and Lyon—some of whom may participate in exchange programs with U.S. veterinary colleges.
The next Vet2011-accredited international event will be the second World Conference on Veterinary Education, May 13–14 in Lyon, France. This year's conference will elaborate on a plan to create harmonized, adaptable educational techniques for each par ticipating country. Several proposals have been submitted for inclusion in the program, including one from the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges.
At the conference, Dr. DeHaven also plans to present the work of the OIE on model standards for veterinary education. Since the first conference, an ad hoc group of veterinary authorities, including Dr. DeHaven, have considered how to establish basic veterinary education standards, provide food safety and guard against diseases, improve public perception of veterinary services, and support continuing education.
Legends in veterinary medicine being profiled
The veterinary profession is celebrating a major milestone this year—the 250th anniversary of the founding of the world's first veterinary school in Lyon, France, in 1761.
In honor of World Veterinary Year, or Vet2011, JAVMA News is highlighting international veterinarians from the past 250 years in the series “Legends in Veterinary Medicine,” published in each first-of-the-month issue during 2011. To read the articles online, go to www.avma.org/onlnews. The Jan. 1 feature is titled “Pioneering a profession,” and the subsequent articles are posted under the “Global issues” heading of the News section.
To learn about other World Veterinary Year commemorative efforts and events, visit the AVMA's Vet2011 landing page, www.avma.org/Vet2011.
Rawson elected to AVMA Executive Board
Dr. Chester L. “Chet” Rawson of Markesan, Wis., has been elected to represent AVMA members living in Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin on the AVMA Executive Board.
The Wisconsin VMA nominated Dr. Rawson to be the board's District VI representative, a position currently held by Dr. John R. Scamahorn of Greencastle, Ind., whose six-year term expires this July. As the sole nominee for the board seat, Dr. Rawson was declared to be elected in February.
Dr. Chester L. Rawson
Citation: American Journal of Veterinary Research 72, 4; 10.2460/ajvr.72.4.425
Dr. Rawson plans on using his leadership skills and professional experience to represent his colleagues in District VI. Additionally, Dr. Rawson says he supports improving the relevance and credibility of veterinary medicine to producers and consumers alike.
The 1968 graduate of the University of Illinois-Urbana College of Veterinary Medicine spent more than four decades in large animal medicine and has been a diplomate of the American College of Theriogenologists since 1980.
In 2002 Dr. Rawson joined Alta Genetics, a company focused on reproduction and genetic improvement of dairy cows, where he works in technical services and training.
Dr. Rawson has an extensive history with the AVMA and Society for Theriogenology, for which he's served on the executive board and as president. He has represented the society on the AVMA Animal Agriculture Liaison Committee since 1996 and is also the organization's alternate delegate in the AVMA House of Delegates.
In 1990 the Wisconsin VMA elected Dr. Rawson president. His other professional affiliations include the American Association of Bovine Practitioners and the American Dairy Science Association.
AVMF seeking scholarship, disaster training applications
Applications are now being sought for disaster training session grants and student scholarships offered by the AVMF.
Each year, the Foundation sponsors state, regional, or national training sessions aimed at preparing veterinarians to care for animals before, during, and after a natural or man-made disaster.
Up to $5,000 is available per session.
An organization may apply for sponsorship of one training session per year. A number of sessions will be sponsored in 2011, depending on application merit and availability of funds. Applications are due April 30; recipients will be notified by letter in June.
The application form is available at www.avmf.org by clicking on the links “What We Fund” and “Disaster Related Grants.” For more information on the application process or training sessions, contact Cheri Kowal, AVMF program and administration assistant, by e-mail at ckowal@avma.org or by phone at (847) 285–6691.
The Foundation also awards about 20 scholarships annually to Student AVMA members enrolled in their first, second, or third year at an AVMA-accredited veterinary college or school in the United States.
Students are encouraged to consider traditional and nontraditional careers as they move forward in their education, to understand the many options that the veterinary profession offers. In keeping with the mission of the AVMF, preference will be given to students interested in pursuing a career in certain areas. These include, but are not limited to, animal health studies, shelter medicine, disaster preparedness and response, laboratory animal medicine, food animal medicine, and practicing in underserved communities.
For applications, visit www.avmf.org and click on the “What We Fund” and “Scholarships” links. Applications are due by May 15; recipients will be notified by letter by Sept. 15. For more information, contact Cheri Kowal.
Education council schedules site visits
The AVMA Council on Education has scheduled site visits to five schools and colleges of veterinary medicine for the remainder of 2011.
Comprehensive site visits are planned for the St. George's University School of Veterinary Medicine, April 17–21; Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Oct. 2–6; Purdue University School of Veterinary Medicine, Oct. 16–20; University of Prince Edward Island Atlantic Veterinary College, Oct. 23–27; and University of California-Davis College of Veterinary Medicine, Nov. 5–10.
The council welcomes written comments on these plans or the programs to be evaluated. Comments should be addressed to Dr. David E. Granstrom, Director, Education and Research Division, AVMA, 1931 N. Meacham Road, Suite 100, Schaumburg, IL 60173–4360. Comments must be signed by the person submitting them to be considered.
Budget cuts continue to plague veterinary schools
State funding levels for veterinary schools and colleges have decreased substantially in the past few years, and state legislatures have already indicated that trend will continue as they hash out the coming fiscal year's budget.
Thirty-two states reported declines in state support for higher education in 2010–2011, compared with the previous fiscal year, with drops ranging from 0.3 percent to 13.5 percent, according to a report released Jan. 24 by the Center for the Study of Education Policy at Illinois State University and the State Higher Education Executive Officers.
Total state spending on higher education was down less than 1 percent this past year. Over two years, state support is down nearly 2 percent. At the same time, the economic downturn has left state coffers depleted, forcing plenty of states to consider additional cuts for 2011–2012.
Ernie Tanoos, assistant dean for finance and administrative services at Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, said while the school had discussed more dire projections of budget cuts, as of February, they were working on a 10 percent scenario.
Basically all areas are under consideration for reduced funding, Tanoos said, from administration to preclinical and clinical instruction to research to the Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.
Other states aren't faring much better.
California Gov. Jerry Brown plans to cut $12.5 billion from the state's budget, including $500 million from the University of California system and another $500 million from the California State University system.
Those cuts would be effective July 1 and would mean an additional $3 million less in funding for the University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine.
Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences is one of the few veterinary colleges that has gotten by without raising tuition, but that might not last.
Charles Vrooman, assistant dean for finance and administration at TAMU's veterinary college, said for the biennial budget for fiscal 2012 and 2013, which begins Sept. 1, the veterinary school is anticipating a 10.57 percent cut, or $3.8 million. The veterinary college has submitted a request to increase tuition. It will first have to be approved by the university and then the Board of Regents.
CRWAD dedicated to veterinary microbiologist Maheswaran
Some 500 people attended the 91st annual meeting of The Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Dec. 5–7, 2010, in Chicago.
Dr. Sam Maheswaran
Citation: American Journal of Veterinary Research 72, 4; 10.2460/ajvr.72.4.425
The meeting was dedicated to Dr. Sam Maheswaran, professor emeritus of microbiology at the University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine.
After receiving his BVSc degree from the University of Ceylon in 1960, Dr. Maheswaran earned a doctorate from the University of Minnesota before accepting a postdoctoral fellowship with the Department of Microbiology at the University of Manitoba Medical School.
His fellowship completed, Dr. Maheswaran joined the University of Minnesota faculty in 1969 to begin a teaching and research career at UM spanning more than 40 years.
At the University of Minnesota, Dr. Maheswaran studied the biology of bacterial species belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae. Most of his research endeavors focused on Mannheimia haemolytica.
In 1980, Dr. Maheswaran's laboratory pioneered the use of the cell culture medium RPMI 1640 to grow M haemolytica, which produced copious amounts of cytotoxin when grown in this medium. His notable contributions to M haemolytica research include coining the word “leukotoxin” for the exotoxic cytotoxin and using a well-characterized, reproducible experimental model of the disease in calves to show that leukotoxin was the most important contributor to the lung lesions associated with bovine respiratory disease.
Dr. Maheswaran's laboratory was the first to isolate Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae from the pneumonic lungs of dead pigs in Minnesota in the 1970s. His laboratory also pioneered the use of a modified-live vaccine administered in drinking water to protect commercial turkeys against avian cholera.
Life membership in CRWAD was awarded to Dr. Frederick M. Enright, Baton Rouge, La., and Edwin C. Hahn, PhD, Urbana, Ill.
Officers of CRWAD for 2011 are Dr. Laura Hungerford, Baltimore, president; Dr. Donald L. Reynolds, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, vice president; and Robert P. Ellis, PhD, Fort Collins, Colo., executive director.
The Association for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine named Dr. Preben W. Willeberg as recipient of the 2010 Calvin W. Schwabe Award. Dr. Willeberg holds academic positions at the universities of Copenhagen and Denmark and is a senior veterinary global health specialist with the Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance at the University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine.
Dr. Willeberg earned his DVM degree from the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University in Copenhagen in 1967. He joined the faculty at the university as an associate professor in 1974 and was promoted to professor of state veterinary medicine and epidemiology in 1985.
While chief veterinary officer for Denmark from 1999–2007, Dr. Willeberg was responsible for managing outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, exotic Newcastle disease, and highly pathogenic avian influenza. He is a diplomate and founding member of the European College of Veterinary Public Health.
Recipients of the AVEPM student awards were as follows: Epidemiology and Animal Health Economics category, oral—Stephane Guillossou, Kansas State University, for “Estimates of diagnostic test sensitivities and specificities: what confidence do we really have?” and Timothy Boyer, University of Minnesota, for “Measurement of low-quantity antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural samples: a hierarchical model for analysis of left-censored qPCR data.” Food and Environmental Safety, oral—Wayne Muraoka, Iowa State University, for “Genotypic and phenotypic evidence for L-fucose utilization by Campylobacter jejuni” and Raghavendra Amachawadi, Kansas State University, for “Molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium isolated from a semi-closed and integrated agri-food system.” Poster—Jose Pantoja, University of Wisconsin-Madison, for “Factors associated with coliform count in unpasteurized milk.”
The Mark Gearhart Memorial Award was presented by the AVEPM to Katie Steneroden of Colorado State University for “Zoonotic disease awareness in animal shelter workers and volunteers and the effect of training.”
The American Association of Veterinary Immunologists' Distinguished Veterinary Immunologist Award was presented to Frank Blecha, PhD, of Manhattan, Kan. Dr. Blecha is a university distinguished professor at Kansas State University, where he is also the associate dean for research and head of the Department of Anatomy and Physiology in the College of Veterinary Medicine. His research is focused on the interrelationship of immunology and physiology and regulatory mechanisms involved in innate immunity. Dr. Blecha's studies on the immune system have been funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Agriculture, and American Heart Association. He has served on several USDA and NIH study sections and advisory panels and has held leadership positions in national and international organizations.
Recipients of the AAVI student awards are as follows: First place, oral—Neeta Jain, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, for “Brucella outer membrane vesicles-polaxamer mixture as a vaccine for B melitensis in a mouse model.” Second place, oral—John C. Schwartz, University of Minnesota, for “Differential expression of the porcine heavy chain immunoglobulin repertoire following porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection.” Third place, oral—Sanjukta Majumder, University of Connecticut, for “Up-regulation of inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic genes during Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection.” First place, poster—Mini Bharathan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, for “Monocytes: the precursors of inflammatory dendritic cells in Staphylococcus aureus infection.” Second place, poster—Susana Flores-Villalva, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, for “Mycobacterial immunodominant antigens ESAT6 and CFP10 improve tuberculin skin test specificity in cattle naturally infected.” Third place, poster—Sue Morarie, South Dakota State University, for “Fetal immunological effects and liver tolerance following persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection.”
The American College of Veterinary Microbiologists named Dr. Frederick A. Murphy of Davis, Calif., the Distinguished Veterinary Microbiologist for 2010. Dr. Murphy is a pathology professor at the University of Texas Medical Branch. He previously was dean of the University of California-Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, he has served as director of both the Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases and National Center for Infectious Diseases. Dr. Murphy is a member of the Institute of Medicine as well as the German National Academy of Sciences.
The ACVM student awards were presented to the following recipients: Don Kahn Award—Christa K. Irwin, Iowa State University, for “Influenza antibody detection in experimentally inoculated swine over time using a commercially available nucleoprotein ELISA.” In vitro category—Dubraska V. Diaz-Campos, Auburn University, for “Microbiological and molecular characterization of coagulase positive Staphylococcus species isolated from canine clinical specimens.” Molecular category—Edward A. Kabera, Michigan State University, for “MAP suppression of caspase activity in infected primary bovine macrophages.” In vivo category—Phil Gauger, Iowa State University, for “Enhanced pneumonia with pandemic 2009 A/H1N1 swine influenza virus in pigs vaccinated with an inactivated δ-cluster H1N2 vaccine.” Poster—Amanda Beaudoin, University of Minnesota, for “Prevalence of antibodies to avian influenza viruses and risk factors for exposure in Thai free-grazing duck flocks.”
The Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine student award was presented to Alex Betancourt, Gluck Equine Research Center, for “The effect of anthelmintics on proinflammatory cytokine responses in treated horses.”
The American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists' student award was presented to Ryan Stoffel, University of Missouri-Columbia, for “Utilization of a peptide based enzyme linked immunosorbant assay for the detection of bovine anti-E chaffeensis antibodies.”
The NC-1041 Enteric Diseases (North Central Committee for Research on Enteric Diseases of Swine and Cattle) student awards were presented to the following recipients:
First place, oral—Wei Zhou, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, for “Functional cloning of novel antibiotic resistance genes in chicken gut microflora.” Second place, oral—Dong-Kyu Lee, Kyungpook National University, for “Development of reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.” Poster—Elena Gart, Kansas State University, for “Citrobacter rodentium causes structural and functional alterations in conditionally immortalized Ptk6 colonic epithelial cells.”
The Biosafety and Biosecurity Awards, sponsored by the Animal Health Institute and the Joseph J. Garbarino Foundation, were presented to the following students: First place—Brandy Burgess, Colorado State University, for “Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus spp in commercial pigs used in veterinary student training.” Second place—Cristina Venegas-Vargas, Michigan State University, for “Evaluating porcine circovirus type 2 control in vaccinated herds: are sentinels needed?” Poster—Matt Allerson, University of Minnesota, for “Application of alternative methods of body temperature measurement in swine.”
ACVP announces diplomates
The ACVP recognized 86 new diplomates on successful completion of the certifying examination in Ames, Iowa, Sept. 28–30, 2010. They are as follows:
Veterinary Anatomic Pathology
Ahmad Al-Dissi, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Angela Arenas, Hilltop Lake, Texas Midori Asakawa, Raleigh, N.C.
Charles Bailey, Southborough, Mass.
Bhupinder Bawa, Manhattan, Kan.
Todd Bell, Ames, Iowa
Lore Boger, Harrisburg, Pa.
Erin Brannick, Westerville, Ohio
Bonnie Brenseke, Blacksburg, Va.
Angela Brice, Philadelphia
Grant Burcham, West Lafayette, Ind.
Rachel Burns, San Diego
Eric Burrough. Ames, Iowa
Tracy Carlson, Columbus, Ohio
Brian Caserto, Riley, Kan.
Lynne Cassone, Lexington, Ky.
Beth Chaffee, Columbus, Ohio
Christine Christensen, Frederick, Md.
Heather Clarke, Sacramento, Calif.
Julia Conway, Archer, Fla.
Timothy Cushing, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
Santiago Diab, San Bernardino, Calif.
Elizabeth Dobson, Ithaca, N.Y.
Elizabeth Driskell, Athens, Ga.
Paul Facemire, Jefferson, Md.
Rebekah Fleis, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Stacey Fossey, Columbus, Ohio
Karen Fox, Fort Collins, Colo.
Barbie Gadsden, Lansing, Mich.
Christiana Glover, Pierrefonds, Quebec
Felix Goulet, Montreal
Jamie Haddad, Durham, N.C.
Sushan Han, Palouse, Wash.
Margaret Hanson, San Antonio
Naomi Harms, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Travis Heskett, Reddick, Fla.
Chelsea Himsworth, Richmond, British Columbia
Cary Honnold, Ames, Iowa
Crystal Johnson, Raleigh, N.C.
Natalie Keirstead, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
Jennifer Koehler, Auburn, Ala.
Joshua Kramer, Roslindale, Mass.
Darin Madson, Ames, Iowa
Chelsea Martin, Delaware, Ohio
Leslie McPherson, Madison, Wis.
Caroline Millins, Leighton Buzzard, United Kingdom
Sunish M.N. Padmini, Ithaca, N.Y.
Carolina N. Freixa, Madison, Wis.
Brandon Plattner, Nevada, Iowa
Jana Ritter, Newberry, S.C.
Jeanine Sandy, Raleigh, N.C.
Dirk Schaudien, Hannover, Germany Vanessa Schumacher, Manchester, Conn.
Jodi Smith, Ames, Iowa
Jennifer Stewart, Royston, United Kingdom
Norbert Takacs, Albuquerque, N.M.
Karen Trainor, College Station, Texas
Brigid Troan, Cary, N.C.
Gregory Wilkerson, Elgin, Texas
Fred Williams, Columbia, Mo.
Lucy Woolford, Hatfield, United Kingdom
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Virginie Allegre, Montreal
Kathrin Burke, College Station, Texas
Melinda Camus, Watkinsville, Ga.
Noel Clancey, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island
Sara Connolly, Darlington, Wis.
Janice C. Cardona, Gainesville, Fla.
Keith DeJong, Oakland, Calif.
Mark Dunbar, Gainesville, Fla.
Carrie Flint, Delta, British Columbia
Angelica Galezowski, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Bradley Galgut, Doncaster East, Australia
Shir Gilor, East Keswick, United Kingdom
Joanne Hodges, Davis, Calif.
Karen Jackson, Media, Pa.
Gwendolyn Levine, College Station, Texas
Tzuyin Lin, Sacramento, Calif.
Amy Miller, Dallas
Sakurako Neo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
Ida Piperisova, Raleigh, N.C.
Suzanne Pratt, Portland, Ore.
Heather Priest, Ithaca, N.Y.
Graham Stock, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
Maria Vandis, Newton, Mass.
Karen Velguth, Memphis, Tenn.
Tamara Wills, Pullman, Wash., received dual certification in veterinary anatomic and clinical pathology.