Effect of synovial membrane infection in vitro on equine synoviocytes and chondrocytes
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Abstract
Objective
To determine the functional response of synovium to infection, and the influence of infected synovium on articular cartilage metabolism.
Sample Population
Synovium and articular cartilage explants from the midcarpal and tarsocrural joints of adult horses.
Procedure
For experiment 1, synovium explants were incubated as follows: control—incubation in standard medium, infected (I)—incubation with Staphylococcus aureus, and infected-filtered (IF)—incubation with medium collected from the infected group and filtered (0.22-μm filter). Daily collected medium was assayed for interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor, and hyaluronan (HA) concentrations. For experiment 2, cartilage explants were incubated as follows: control—incubation in standard medium, and IF—incubation in medium collected from infected synovium cultures and filtered. After 48 hours, explant proteoglycan synthesis and endogenous proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan contents were determined.
Results
IL-1β and IL-6 values were significantly increased in synovium explants from the I and IF groups. Hyaluronan concentration was lower in I and IF groups. Proteoglycan synthesis and content, and total glycosaminoglycan and chondroitin sulfate concentrations, were significantly decreased in cartilage from the IF group.
Conclusions
Bacterial infection was associated with decreased HA concentration and increased mediator release. These effects were also observed despite elimination of bacteria. Exposure to sterile but previously infected medium decreased articular cartilage matrix synthesis and composition.
Clinical Relevance
Resident synovial cells may contribute appreciably to articular damage during bacterial infection in the absence of migrant inflammatory cells. This response is prolonged despite elimination of the bacteria. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:293–299)
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