Editorial Type:
Physiology

Cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia induced and maintained with isoflurane in cats

David S. Hodgson From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Hodgson, Dunlop, Grandy) and Statistics (Chapman), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.

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Colin I. Dunlop From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Hodgson, Dunlop, Grandy) and Statistics (Chapman), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.

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Phillip L. Chapman From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Hodgson, Dunlop, Grandy) and Statistics (Chapman), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.

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Jacqueline L. Grandy From the Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (Hodgson, Dunlop, Grandy) and Statistics (Chapman), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.

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SUMMARY

Objective

To determine the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthesia induced and maintained with isoflurane (ISO) in cats.

Animals

8 healthy cats between 1 and 5 years old.

Procedure

Anesthesia was induced with ISO in oxygen. Two anesthetic depths were maintained in each cat; mean alveolar concentrations (MAC) were 1.3 and 2.0 times MAC. Ventilation was either spontaneous or controlled. Each cat received each treatment combination according to a Latin square design. Cardiopulmonary measurements were made after 20 minutes of constant conditions with each combination of anesthetic depth and ventilatory mode.

Results

Cardiac index was not different between ISO doses, but 2.0 MAC ISO reduced arterial blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. Cardiac index and systolic arterial blood pressure were reduced by controlled ventilation. The PaCO2 and pulmonary artery pressure were highest in association with 2.0 MAC ISO during spontaneous ventilation. Changes in pHa were attributable to changes in PaCO2 .

Conclusions

2.0 MAC ISO causes hypotension and hypercapnia; however, cardiac index is maintained. Hypercapnia may be abolished with controlled ventilation, but at the expense of reduced cardiac index. 1.3 MAC ISO results in minimal cardiopulmonary depression, especially when healthy cats are allowed to breathe spontaneously.

Clinical Relevance

Hypoventilation associated with untoward physiologic responses to 2.0 MAC may be overcome with controlled ventilation, but results in marked reduction in cardiovascular performance; thus, use of 2.0 MAC ISO should be avoided in cats. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:182–185)

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Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
Issue:
01 Feb 1998
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