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pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. 10 – 13 Trismus (lockjaw), defined as restricted opening of the mouth, is most commonly caused by contraction of the muscles of mastication secondary to inflammation (myositis) or infection. 14 , 15 Many joint and
, myofiber mineralization was noted on histologic examination, which may have indicated a recurrent problem. However, it is more common for dogs with masticatory myositis to have trismus rather than the inability to close their mouth. 21 Regardless, a serum
responsible for paralysis of the peripheral nervous system. Canines affected with generalized tetanus experience rigidity of the limb, neck, and tail muscles along with distinct facial muscle abnormalities: risus sardonicus, trismus, prolapsed third eyelids
neurologic evaluation, serum biochemical analysis, and a CBC. Results of physical examination of dog 1 at 5 months of age revealed severe brachygnathism with trismus, a wide-based pelvic limb stance with paws laterally rotated and tarsi held close together
dystrophy in two German Shorthaired Pointers Two full-sibling male German Shorthaired Pointer puppies with X-linked muscular dystrophy and deletion of the dystrophin gene were examined. Initial examination revealed stunted growth, brachygnathism, trismus
tumors: oronasal fistula (6/111 [5.4%] dogs), mandibular fracture (2 [1.8%]), and trismus (1 [0.9%]). In all 6 dogs with oronasal fistula, the lesion occurred in the hard or soft palate region surrounding the tumor. In the 2 dogs with mandibular fracture
the hospital, the dog had many of the classic signs of generalized tetanus, including progression of hypertonia to opisthotonos, extensor rigidity, trismus, and risus sardonicus. When stimulated, the dog developed whole-body tremors. After initial
body condition; small body size, compared with that expected for a healthy 5-month-old French Bulldog puppy; and presence of a soft tissue bulge in the submandibular region ( Figure 1 ). Partial trismus was also present. Careful inspection of the oral
only abnormality; or if the medical record was incomplete or missing. A dog was included in the study if it had typical signs of local or generalized tetanus, including retraction of lip commissures (risus sardonicus), erect ears, trismus, or rigidity
, pain, weakness, and urinary incontinence. 38 Botulinum toxin type A is used to treat various clinical conditions in human patients such as trismus associated with RT-induced myokymia and muscle spasms, 39 muscle contracture in children with cerebral