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drawback to the use of the traditional closed technique is that the anal sac duct is not fully excised but only ligated. A modified approach to the closed anal sacculectomy has been described to facilitate full anal sac duct excision with minimal
a Seldinger technique and guide wire, or even use of variably sized cylindrical polypropylene guides in cadavers to aid in successful catheter placement. 1 , 2 Traditional urethral catheterization in female dogs uses digital palpation to identify
pathogens. 1 Especially for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in wildlife, zoo animals, and exotic pets, the microbial growth requirements can be vastly different from traditional veterinary diagnostic care, which most often covers canine and feline
studies have been conducted regarding the relationship between video gaming proficiency and laparoscopic surgical skills, 3-D spatial orientation skills, or traditional surgical skills for veterinary students, to the authors' knowledge. The objectives of
Abstract
Objective—To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in dogs.
Design—Cohort study.
Animals—269 dogs from animal shelters.
Procedure—Dogs that underwent gonadectomy were allotted to 2 groups on the basis of estimated age at surgery (traditional age, ≥ 24 weeks old; prepubertal, < 24 weeks old). Adoptive owner information was obtained from shelter records, and telephone interviews were conducted with owners to determine physical or behavioral problems observed in the dogs since adoption. Follow-up information was obtained from attending veterinarians for dogs with complex problems or when owners were uncertain regarding the exact nature of their dog's problem.
Results—Prepubertal gonadectomy did not result in an increased incidence of behavioral problems or problems associated with any body system, compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, during a median follow-up period of 48 months after gonadectomy. Rate of retention in the original adoptive household was the same for dogs that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy as those that underwent traditional- age gonadectomy. Infectious diseases, however, were more common in dogs that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy.
Conclusions and Clinical Implications—With the exception of infectious diseases, prepubertal gonadectomy may be safely performed in dogs without concern for increased incidence of physical or behavioral problems during at least a 4-year period after gonadectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218: 217–221)
Abstract
Objective—To determine long-term results and complications of gonadectomy performed at an early age (prepubertal) or at the traditional age in cats.
Design—Cohort study.
Animals—263 cats from animal shelters.
Procedure—Cats that underwent gonadectomy were allotted to 2 groups on the basis of estimated age at surgery (traditional age, ≥ 24 weeks old; prepubertal, < 24 weeks old). Adoptive owner information was obtained from shelter records, and telephone interviews were conducted with owners to determine physical or behavioral problems observed in the cats after adoption. Follow-up information was obtained from attending veterinarians for cats with complex problems or when owners were uncertain regarding the exact nature of their cat's problem.
Results—Compared with traditional-age gonadectomy, prepubertal gonadectomy did not result in an increased incidence of infectious disease, behavioral problems, or problems associated with any body system during a median follow-up period of 37 months. Additionally, the rate of retention in the original adoptive household was the same for cats that underwent prepubertal gonadectomy as those that underwent traditional-age gonadectomy.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Prepubertal gonadectomy may be performed safely in cats without concern for increased incidence of physical or behavioral problems for at least a 3-year period after gonadectomy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217: 1661–1665)
-point block. 1 , 2 When performing the low 4- or low 6-point block, the plantar nerves are traditionally desensitized at an injection site slightly proximal to the button of the II and IV metatarsal bones and proximal to the digital flexor tendon sheath
occur. A square knot followed by 3 additional throws was used and suture cut 3-mm from the knot. Figure 1 Diagrammatic illustration of 4-loop-pulley (4LP), 5-loop-pulley (5LP), and 6-loop-pulley (6LP) modification of a traditional 3-loop pulley (3
flap”) 29 , 37 and (2) the use of bilateral bipedicle advancement flaps of the hard palate mucoperiosteum. 7 The traditional overlapping flap technique requires the elevation on a single broad-based flap, which is folded over the cleft. The bipedicle
macroadenoma, for which clinical signs had been well controlled with traditional adrenal-directed treatment (trilostane or mitotane). An additional aim was to evaluate the safety of the combined treatments. Materials and Methods Ethics statements The
