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other radiographic abnormalities. Sternal lymphadenopathy was identified in 6 of 50 (12%) dogs, pleural effusion in 4 (8%) dogs, tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy in 3 (6%) dogs, pneumomediastinum in 2 (4%) dogs, cranial mediastinal lymphadenopathy in 1
more centrally located tumors. Two subsequent studies have established more specific prognostic factors. Oglivie et al 2 reported the importance of tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy, pulmonary metastasis, and evaluation of tumor size in determining
, CT can be used to identify abnormal tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy, 21,28,29 which was not addressed specifically in the present study. It is unknown whether there is a true benefit of earlier recognition of pulmonary nodules via CT in terms of
sensitivity and specificity of preoperative CT for the evaluation of regional lymph node metastasis in dogs with PPN. A retrospective case series 33 of 14 dogs with PPN comparing CT evidence of tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy with histopathologic
accuracy of diagnostic imaging in detecting TBLN metastasis is not known. In a study of 14 dogs with primary lung tumors, 6 of which had histologic evidence of TBLN metastasis, radiography did not reveal tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy in any of the dogs
WBCs on examination of the urine sediment. Thoracic radiography revealed a diffuse bronchial and interstitial pattern ( Figure 1 ). Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy was not identified. Over the subsequent several hours, the dog's respiratory rate
.3 × 10 3 eosinophils/μL). Three-view thoracic radiography revealed a well-defined, round (≤ 6-cm-diameter), soft tissue mass in the left caudal lung field, an interstitial pattern in the same lung field, and marked tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy
(1.6%) dogs had a normal pulmonary radiographic pattern (both dogs had only tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy). Overall, there were 66 dogs with nondiffuse disease, 51 dogs with diffuse interstitial nodule patterns, 6 dogs with unstructured
diagnosis. Radiographic findings included tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy (9/21), an alveolar pulmonary pattern (6/21), a pulmonary mass (2/21), a bronchointerstitial pulmonary pattern (3/21), and pleural effusion (1/21). In 3 dogs, thoracic radiographs
, thymoma, or tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy) that mimicked the radiographic features of HBMs was included as a study control. Third, adherence to a consistent standardized protocol for TTE measurements of HBMs was not possible, and only 2-D measurements