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and are ascribed to the direct effect of the anesthetic on myocardial fibers, 1,6,7 which can compromise tissue perfusion. On the other hand, another known effect of isoflurane is vasodilation, which has been demonstrated in several studies of tissue
S hock is commonly diagnosed in both human and veterinary emergency rooms and is defined as inadequate cellular energy production due to impaired tissue perfusion, which results in insufficient oxygen delivery (DO 2 ) to meet oxygen demand. 1 – 3
should be based on knowledge of the animal’s normal BV and guided by serial determinations of PCV, Pa, and fluid responsiveness. Most healthy anesthetized animals do not begin to demonstrate significant hemodynamic, tissue perfusion, or oxygen delivery
contrast agents has provided a unique means of visually evaluating and quantifying tissue perfusion, which offers substantial advantages in terms of real-time imaging, cost, and patient safety. 31 Quantitation of tissue perfusion represents one of the most
dose resulting in higher blood pressures. Higher doses of medetomidine may result in more persistent increases in systemic vascular resistance, resulting in more prolonged hypertension. 16 Tissue perfusion was not assessed in the present study, and
in CI on global tissue perfusion can be assessed with indicators such as D O 2 , V O 2 , blood lactate concentrations, and ABE. The D O 2 was slightly lower for both protocols (24.2 mL of O 2 /kg/min for protocol 1 and 25.2 mL of O 2 /kg/min for
, anesthesia maintained with remifentanil-isoflurane may decrease overall tissue perfusion as a result of decreases in CI and increases in SVRI. However, prevention or treatment of opioid-induced bradycardia by administration of an anticholinergic agent, which
Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of a hydrolyzed bovine collagen dressing (HBCD) on healing of open wounds in healthy dogs.
Animals—9 female Beagles.
Procedures—2 full-thickness skin wounds were made bilaterally on the trunk of each dog. Wounds on 1 side were treated with powdered HBCD covered with a semiocclusive nonadherent bandage. Wounds on the other side (control wounds) were covered with a semiocclusive nonadherent bandage only. Wound healing was subjectively assessed, and percentage increase in tissue perfusion was assessed by use of laser Doppler perfusion imaging (LDPI). Planimetry was performed to determine the percentages of contraction, epithelialization, and total wound healing. Biopsy specimens were examined microscopically to evaluate histologic changes.
Results—The HBCD did not induce a strong inflammatory reaction, as reflected by results of LDPI and histologic examination. Moreover, HBCD appeared hydrophilic and provided an environment to keep wounds clean and enhance early epithelialization. After treatment for 7 days, treated wounds had a significantly greater percentage of epithelialization than control wounds (12.13 vs 7.03%).
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The hydrophilic property of HBCD may cleanse contaminated wounds with the body's homeostatic fluids and enhance early wound epithelialization. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:1574–1578)
Objective
To measure ionized calcium concentration in plasma from cats with urethral obstruction and to correlate these values with results of clinical biochemical analyses and physical examinations.
Design
Prospective study.
Animals
24 male cats.
Procedure
Blood samples were obtained from each cat on admission, and PCV, pH, and concentrations of ionized calcium, total calcium, glucose, total solids, sodium, potassium, BUN, creatinine, chloride, magnesium, albumin, and phosphorus were determined. Mentation, tissue perfusion, and ECG recordings were also assessed.
Results
18 (75%) cats had low ionized calcium concentrations (reference range, 2.4 to 2.8 mEq/L). Hypocalcemia was considered mild (2.0 to 2.36 mEq/L) in 9 (37.5%) cats, moderate (1.6 to 1.98 mEq/L) in 6 (25%), and severe (< 1.6 mEq/L) in 3 (12.5%). Significant positive correlations were found between ionized calcium concentration and heart rate, pH, and concentrations of sodium, chloride, and total calcium. Significant negative correlations were found between ionized calcium concentration and concentrations of potassium, BUN, creatinine, and phosphorus.
Clinical Implications
Most cats with urethral obstruction had a low concentration of ionized calcium. This may contribute to cardiac electrical and mechanical dysfunction in some severely affected cats. Although effects of IV administration of calcium were not evaluated, results of this study strengthen the rationale for its use in cats with urethral obstruction. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1392–1395)
Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of intraincisional bioactive glass on healing of sutured skin wounds in dogs.
Animals—9 purpose-bred mature female Beagles.
Procedure—3 small matched bilateral (treated vs control) full-thickness truncal skin incisions were made and sutured. Treated wounds received intraincisional particulate bioactive glass prior to closure. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was used to assess percentage change in tissue perfusion 3 and 5 days after incision on 1 set of 2 matched wounds, and skin and subcutaneous tissue-cutaneous trunci breaking strength were assessed at 5 days. The other 2 sets of wounds were used for histologic evaluation at 5 and 21 days, respectively.
Results—Subjective signs of gross inflammatory reaction were not detected in treated or control wounds. At 5 days, median subcutaneous tissuecutaneous trunci breaking strength was significantly higher in treated wounds than in control wounds (188.75 vs 75.00 g). At 5 days, median scores were significantly higher for neutrophils (1 vs 0), macrophages (2 vs 1), and necrosis (1 vs 0) for treated wounds than for control wounds. At 21 days, median macrophage scores were significantly higher for treated wounds than for control wounds (2 vs1).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bioactive glass in soft tissues does not cause a gross inflammatory reaction but causes an increase in histologic signs of inflammation, which decreases with time. Bioactive glass has potential for increasing tissue strength. Increased subcutaneous breaking strength could be beneficial in treating wounds in which early healing strength is needed. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1149–1153)
