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Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To perform testing for cytokines involved in dermal inflammatory reactions and to document and compare the effects of an oleander extract (OE), oleandrin, and oclacitinib on biomarkers relevant to allergic reactions. The effects of these compounds under inflamed culture conditions are of direct importance to the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis.
METHODS
Testing involved primary canine dermal fibroblasts and the canine DH82 macrophage cell line; both cell types are important for initiating, regulating, and resolving dermal allergic reactions via cytokine communication.
RESULTS
Under inflamed conditions, OE and oleandrin downregulated key cytokines secreted by canine dermal fibroblasts and the DH82 macrophage cell line; all of which are treatment targets in dermatitis. In the DH82 macrophage cultures, the most noteworthy reductions involved IL-6, IL-12/IL-23p40, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, VEGF, and nerve growth factor-β. Oclacitinib triggered reductions of some cytokines involved in allergic reactions, including TGF-β1, IL-12/IL-23p40, and tumor necrosis factor-α; however, these reductions were less robust than the reductions triggered by OE and oleandrin and accompanied by increases in other cytokines involved in dermal inflammation, including IL-6, interferon-γ, and nerve growth factor-β. In cultures of primary dermal fibroblasts, OE and oleandrin reduced the levels of IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, whereas oclacitinib had little or no effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Oleander extract and oleandrin directly modulate immune responses under inflamed conditions. Moreover, OE and oleandrin appear to provide a more beneficial overall cytokine regulation than oclacitinib under inflamed culture conditions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These results suggest that OE and oleandrin are efficacious agents to treat canine atopic dermatitis. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of these compounds in dogs affected by atopic dermatitis.
always had seasonal allergies, but now it seemed like her hay fever had gone haywire. It was spring 2018, and Dr. Lucero, a small animal veterinarian in Arizona, had symptoms of skin flushing, shortness of breath, heart racing, and eyelid swelling
among the 3 practices, this was not believed to have been likely to skew the study results. The factor most likely to have been affected was the number of dogs ranked as pruritic. Although it is possible that seasonal allergies would have resulted in
per the International Task Force on Canine Atopic Dermatitis in 2006, the currently accepted definition for canine AD (previously known as allergic inhalant dermatitis, seasonal allergy, environmental allergy, and atopy) is a genetically predisposed
control urine pH), and diphenhydramine (for seasonal allergies). At the initial examination, the dog was bright, alert, and mildly tachypneic (respiratory rate, 42 breaths/ min). Thoracic auscultation revealed normal bronchovesicular sounds, muffled
sight The disease is one of many that veterinarians can and do get from animals By Katie Burns Dr. Hilary Lucero always had seasonal allergies, but now it seemed like her hay fever had gone haywire. It was spring 2018, and Dr. Lucero, a
after initiation of cephalexin administration. The dog was also maintained on diphenhydramine (2.2 mg/kg [1 mg/lb], PO, q 8 to 12 h) for seasonal allergies. Figure 1— Photograph of dermal nodules on the right pinna (A) of a 5-year-old Boxer cross
: “His skin gets bad every fall. I think it's seasonal allergies.” Effect on patient function Effects of the illness on the animal's function, including eating, sleeping, physical mobility, elimination, and social interactions Client: “He