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, or surgical approaches. However, only a few case reports and case series 17 – 22 describe the outcome of dogs presenting with extracapsular adrenal gland hemorrhage secondary to spontaneous adrenal tumor rupture. The perioperative mortality rate has
Rupture of the CCL is one of the most common causes of pelvic limb lameness in large-breed dogs and one of the most common causes of osteoarthritis of the stifle joint. 1–3 In 2003, it was estimated that pet owners in the United States spent
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture is a leading cause of lameness in dogs, with a prevalence of 4.9% for dogs evaluated at veterinary medical teaching hospitals in North America. 1 Although the epidemiological aspects are diverse, most dogs
Gallbladder rupture is a surgical emergency, and diagnosis of this disease must be rapid and accurate. Ultrasonography is neither 100% sensitive nor 100% specific for the diagnosis of gallbladder rupture; therefore, a need for confirmato y testing
clinically normal joints. 6 Cast immobilization and stall confinement constitute the typical approach to treatment of horses with ruptured CLs; however, surgical debridement and lavage of open luxations are generally required to manage contamination or
stability of the varus and valgus motion of the stifle joint. 1 CCL rupture is among the most common orthopedic injuries in dogs, and it is the main cause of pelvic limb lameness in these patients. 2 The etiopathogenesis of ligament insufficiency or
identification of gallbladder rupture has been reported in dogs, but there is limited information on evaluation of ultrasonography for identification of gallbladder rupture, and to our knowledge, no attempt has been made to systematically identify imaging
Humoral and cell-mediated immunopathologic mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in CCL rupture in dogs, 1–6 but whether these immune processes precede or are a result of CCL rupture remains controversial. Detection of LPS in dogs with
Rupture of the CCL is the leading cause of lameness in dogs and affects nearly 20% of dogs evaluated at university hospitals for lameness. 1 Dogs with RCCL develop stifle joint osteoarthritis and lameness from the instability and inflammation
sagittal plane of the stifle joint and generates loading of the CrCL. 1–3 A partial or complete rupture of the CrCL is the most frequent cause of stifle joint–associated lameness in dogs. 4 Degenerative processes increasingly affect the CrCL with
