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Introduction Pentobarbital is a preferred euthanasia option for animals; however, it presents animal disposal challenges. The Chemical Abstracts Service number for pentobarbital is 57-33-0. The PubChem ID is 23676152, and the molecular formula
, sodium pentobarbital) per 4.5 kg body weight, as an acceptable method for euthanasia of an unconscious or anesthetized animal. The recommended dose of 3 mL of barbiturate/4.5 kg body weight is anecdotal and experiential, meaning less volume may be enough
Introduction Euthanasia of animals with pentobarbital agents occurs throughout the US, including in companion animals, livestock, research animals, and wildlife. Despite this, there are little data available to evaluate outcomes, including
for acceptable methods of euthanasia in individual reptiles primarily recommend the administration of barbiturates, namely sodium pentobarbital, with the intravascular route preferred. 2 Sodium pentobarbital is the primary active ingredient in many
C urrently, one of the most common methods of equine euthanasia is an overdose of intravenous barbiturates (pentobarbital) either alone or after sedation. However, differences in local regulations of rendering plants and landfills limit options
induced. The study was performed with anesthesia with fentanyl b and pentobarbital, c with no other means of increasing vagal tone. The German Shepherd Dogs were from an established colony with inherited arrhythmias that serve as a model of ventricular
for euthanasia of birds. The IV injection of a euthanasia agent, such as pentobarbital, is currently indicated as an acceptable method. The guidelines state that this is the quickest and most reliable method when it can be performed without causing
Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of oral administration of low doses of pentobarbital on cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and CYP-mediated reactions in immature Beagles.
Animals—42 immature (12-week-old) Beagles.
Procedure—Dogs were grouped and treated orally as follows for 8 weeks: low-dose pentobarbital (50 µg/d; 4 males, 4 females), mid-dose pentobarbital (150 µg/d; 4 males, 4 females), high-dose pentobarbital (500 µg/d; 4 males, 4 females), positive-pentobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), positivephenobarbital control (10 mg/kg/d; 2 males, 2 females), and negative control (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution; 5 males, 5 females). Serum biochemical and hematologic values were monitored. On necropsy examination, organ weights were determined, and histologic evaluation of tissue sections of liver, kidney, small intestine, testes, epididymis, and ovaries was performed. Hepatic and intestinal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities were measured, and relative amounts of CYP isoforms were determined by western blot analysis.
Results—The amount of a hepatic CYP2A-related isoform in dogs from the high-dose pentobarbital treatment group was twice that of dogs from the negative control group. CYP2C was not detectable in small intestinal mucosa of dogs from the negative control group; measurable amounts of CYP2C were found in dogs from the various (low-, mid-, and high-dose) pentobarbital treatment groups and from positive-pentobarbital and positive phenobarbital control groups. Several CYP-mediated reactions increased in a dosedependent manner. The lowest calculated effective dose of pentobarbital ranged from 200 to 450 µg/d.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Several CYP isoforms and their associated reactions were induced in dogs by oral administration of low amounts of pentobarbital. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1167–1175)
Introduction Veterinarians have an elevated suicide risk compared to the general population. 1 – 3 Unlike any other profession, veterinarians have substantial knowledge and experience with pentobarbital, using it for humane euthanasia, which
strain and financial stressors. 14 We also hypothesized that self-poisoning, and in particular the use of pentobarbital (the drug most commonly involved in euthanasia), would be among the most common suicide methods used by veterinarians. Given the lack
