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more homogeneous lung emptying during expiration. Previous studies 7 , 10 in horses have shown significant improvements in arterial blood oxygenation and cardiac output (CO) with FLEX compared to VCV. The exact mechanism by which FLEX results in such a
A rterial blood gas (aBG) evaluation is a point-of-care diagnostic test used to evaluate oxygenation, ventilation, and acid-base balance in critically ill patients, particularly dogs. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (Pa o 2 ) is
initiation. Because the primary purpose of the study was to evaluate oxygenation during the immediate postanesthesia period for dogs that were maintained at an F io 2 of 0.4 while anesthetized, compared with that for dogs that were maintained at an F io 2
therapeutic decisions to facilitate adequate oxygen delivery and restore aerobic cellular activity. By improving tissue oxygenation, the risk of multiorgan dysfunction, a cause of increased morbidity and mortality rates among hospitalized patients, can
arterial oxygenation. 8,9 Hypoventilation, identified clinically by the presence of hypercarbia, is commonly treated by initiating MV. Although this is effective for treating hypercarbia, hypoxemia and D o 2 can be worsened by MV 10 as a result of
•kg −1 •h −1 significantly reduces the MAC of sevoflurane in ponies by 53%. 9 Peripheral perfusion is also impaired during anesthesia, which can lead to a reduction of peripheral oxygenation. Postanesthetic myopathy, caused by impaired perfusion and
Adequate oxygenation of arterial blood depends on the matching of ventilation to perfusion at the alveolar level. Development of V A /Q mismatch, where alveoli may be well ventilated but poorly perfused or vice versa, decreases the likelihood that
oxygenation and a decreased Qs/Qt, compared with pigs in which anesthesia was maintained with desflurane. Most studies 11,15,16,18–20 conducted to evaluate anesthetic protocols for OLV have involved human patients. The aim of the study reported here was to
hemoglobin, which vary depending upon its state of oxygenation. When diamagnetic oxyhemoglobin releases the O 2 , resulting in paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin, a local magnetic field distortion occurs that changes the proton relaxation behavior inside and around
Summary
The effects of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuro-pneumoniae and its metabolites on the oxygenation activity of porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages (pam) were studied, using a chemiluminescence technique. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains of serotypes 2, 3, and 9 in a dose of 1, 10, and 100 colony-forming units/ macrophage first stimulated the oxygen radical production of pam. After having reached a peak value, oxygenation activity decreased, finally resulting in total suppression of pam. All these effects were neutralized by homologous convalescent pig sera that had been adsorbed onto inactivated A pleuropneumoniae strains. Moreover, cross-neutralization was shown between serotypes 2 and 3. Inactivated A pleuropneumoniae strains did not influence the oxidative activity of pam. Undiluted and lower dilutions of sterile A pleuropneumoniae culture supernatants were toxic for pam, whereas higher dilutions of the supernatants stimulated oxygen radical production of the macrophages. These effects were heat-sensitive and were neutralized by homologous convalescent pig sera. Cross-neutralization was shown between serotypes 2 and 3. These findings indicated that stimulation and inhibition of the oxygenation activity of pam are attributable to heat-sensitive metabolites produced by A pleuropneumoniae.
