Search Results
S creening diagnostics are used to detect metastasis as well as other diseases that may affect the prognosis or treatment plan. In veterinary medicine, there are no published consensus guidelines for screening oral tumors, 1 , 2 such as those
controls reacted appropriately. Morphologic Diagnosis and Case Summary Thymoma (type B3) with hepatic, pulmonary, and vertebral metastasis. Comments Differential diagnoses for a cranial mediastinal mass include thymoma, lymphoma
, right-to-left lateral thoracic radiography was performed. No pulmonary metastasis was seen, but expansile osteolytic lesions were observed in the extremities of the spinous processes of T2, T6, and T7 ( Figures 1 and 2 ) . Figure 1 Right
mediastinal mass ( Figure 2 ). The mass was located caudal to the internal thoracic arteries and ventral to the cranial vena cava; however, these structures did not appear to be invaded by the mass. No evidence of pulmonary metastasis was detected. Figure
–4 Although minimally invasive surgery has few reported complications and is associated with better postoperative patient comfort, potential complications exist. In humans, metastasis of neoplasia to the abdominal wall or subcutis at the site of portal
with STS, 3 , 4 , 5 and CT is more sensitive than radiography in detecting pulmonary metastases in dogs with neoplasia. 21 , 22 , 23 Information on the prevalence of STS pulmonary metastasis at presentation is sparse. For instance, Bray et al 15
grading system was demonstrated to be more accurate at predicting metastasis development and death than the Patnaik system. 5 The purpose of the study reported here was to retrospectively analyze a large series of cases to compare the 2-category Kiupel
Abstract
Objective—To determine the association between lymph node size and metastasis and to assess measurement of lymph node size as an accurate and reliable means of tumor staging in dogs with oral malignant melanoma.
Design—Retrospective study.
Animals—100 dogs with histologically confirmed oral malignant melanoma.
Procedure—Clinical records for dogs with oral malignant melanoma were reviewed. Data regarding size and results of cytologic or histologic examination of lymph nodes were evaluated. The association between lymph node size and metastasis was determined.
Results—Forty-seven (47%) dogs, of which 23 (49%) had enlarged mandibular lymph nodes, had no cytologic or histologic evidence of metastasis. Of 53 (53%) dogs with cytologic or histologic evidence of mandibular lymph node metastasis, 37 (70%) had enlarged mandibular lymph nodes, and 16 (30%) had mandibular lymph nodes of normal size. Overall, 16 of the 40 (40%) dogs with normal-sized lymph nodes had microscopic evidence of metastatic disease. Sensitivity and specificity of lymph node size as a predictor of metastasis were 70 and 51%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 62 and 60%, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although a significant relationship was identified between lymph node size and metastasis to the lymph node, this association did not appear strong enough to be clinically relevant. Results suggest that lymph node size alone is insufficient for accurate clinical staging of oral malignant melanoma in dogs; cytologic or histologic examination of regional lymph nodes should routinely be performed, regardless of size of those nodes. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:1234–1236)
Abstract
Objective—To determine whether thalidomide inhibits the growth of primary and pulmonary metastatic canine osteosarcoma in mice after xenotransplantation.
Animals—Athymic nude mice.
Procedure—Canine osteosarcoma cells were injected SC in 50 mice. Mice were randomly placed into the following groups: control group (n = 13; DMSO [drug vehicle] alone [0.1 mL/d, IP]); low-dose group (12; thalidomide [100 mg/kg, IP]), mid-dose group (13; thalidomide [200 mg/kg, IP]); and high-dose group (12; thalidomide [400 mg/kg, IP]). Starting on day 8, treatments were administered daily and tumor measurements were performed for 20 days. On day 28, mice were euthanatized and primary tumors were weighed. Lungs were examined histologically to determine the number of mice with metastasis and tumor emboli. Mean area of the pulmonary micrometastatic foci was determined for mice from each group.
Results—Primary tumor size and weight were not significantly different among groups. The number of mice in the mid-dose (200 mg/kg) and high-dose (400 mg/kg) groups with micrometastasis was significantly less than the number of control group mice; however, the number of mice with tumor emboli was not affected by thalidomide treatment. Size of micrometastasis lesions was not affected by thalidomide treatment.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mean area of micrometastases was not affected by treatment; however, growth of micrometastases had not yet reached an angiogenesis-dependent size. Although thalidomide did not affect growth of primary tumors in mice after xenotransplantation of canine osteosarcoma cells, our findings indicate that thalidomide may interfere with the ability of embolic tumor cells to complete the metastatic process within the lungs. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:659–664)
Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) on tumor growth and metastatic ability of canine osteosarcoma cells transplanted into athymic (nude) mice.
Animals—Forty-five 5-week-old female BALB/c nude mice.
Procedure—1 × 107 POS osteosarcoma cells were transplanted subcutaneously into the intrascapular region of mice. All-trans RA (3 or 30 µg/kg of body weight in 0.1 ml of sesame oil), 9-cis RA (3 or 30 mg/kg in 0.1 ml of sesame oil), or sesame oil (0.1 ml; control treatment) were administered intragastrically 5 d/wk for 4 weeks beginning 3 days after transplantation (n = 4 mice/group) or after formation of a palpable tumor (5 mice/group). Tumor weight was estimated weekly by measuring tumor length and width, and retinoid toxic effects were evaluated daily. Two weeks after the final treatment, mice were euthanatized, and number of mice with pulmonary metastases was determined.
Results—Adverse treatment effects were not detected. Tumor weight was less in mice treated with either dose of 9-cis RA than in control mice, although this difference was not significant. Treatment with 30 mg of 9-cis RA/kg initiated after tumor formation significantly reduced the incidence of pulmonary metastasis, compared with the control group.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—9-cis RA decreased the incidence of pulmonary metastasis in nude mice transplanted with canine osteosarcoma cells and may be a potential adjunct therapy for treatment of osteosarcoma in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2000; 61:1241–1244)
