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Abstract
Objective—To determine whether measurement of an inflammatory mediator in exhaled condensate could provide a noninvasive method for evaluating lungs of calves.
Animals—84 calves ≤ 2 months old.
Procedure—Concentration of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was evaluated in the exhaled condensate of healthy calves and calves with experimentally induced respiratory tract infections. For collection of samples of exhaled condensate, the total amount of exhaled air was directed into a cooled double-jacketed tube. Each tube was sealed and stored at –80 C. The LTB4 concentration was measured, using an ELISA.
Results—In exhaled condensates of clinically healthy calves, normally distributed and highly reproducible LTB4 concentrations (mean ± SD, 116.1 ± 55.4 pg/ml) were measured. After experimentally induced infection with Pasteurella multocida serovar D, LTB4 in exhaled condensate increased significantly (mean, 179% increase), compared with basal concentrations before infection; this increase in LTB4 was significantly correlated with deterioration in lung function. In 2 of 4 calves experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus, the LTB4 concentration in exhaled condensate increased (300 to 400% increase), compared with baseline values, which was associated with development of bronchial hyperresponsiveness after infection.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Collection of exhaled condensate is tolerated well by calves and is an acceptable method for obtaining fluid from exhaled air originating from the lungs. This method provides alternatives for diagnosing and evaluating treatment of naturally acquired and experimentally induced diseases of the lungs and airways in calves. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:742–749)
The CT appearance of the lungs of people with various lung diseases correlate to histopathologic findings 1–14 and prognosis. 5,14 However, the correlation between the CT appearance of disease-affected lungs of dogs and cats and histopathologic
analysis. Table 1— Results of preoperative clinical laboratory testing in 7 juvenile (< 12 months old) dogs with lung lobe torsion. Variable No. of dogs * Mean Median Range Reference range WBCs (cells/μL) 7
nodular interstitial pattern of the lungs. After thoracocentesis, which drained out approximately 1.15 L of serosanguineous fluid from each side, a persistent opacity was noted in the left caudal lung field on radiographs. Additionally, irregular
diseases of the lungs play an important role in snakes, especially boids (eg, Boa constrictor or Python spp). 3 Common causes for the development of pneumonia are inappropriate temperatures, poor hygiene, parasite infestations, and nutritional
Although negative impacts of atypical pneumonia on lamb growth are known, 1 interest in assessing the importance of lung lesions in ruminants at slaughter has only recently emerged. Initial studies 2,3 examined the prevalence and effects of lung
Lung imaging is important in the evaluation of patients with respiratory disease. In human patients, CT has become the preferred imaging modality for various pulmonary diseases. 1–5 In veterinary medicine, radiography remains the standard method
From results of a study in humans, 1 it is known that the physical density of the lung is determined by 3 components: lung tissue, blood, and gas. The relative proportions of these 3 components are closely associated with changes in lung volume
appealing for use in lung lobectomy in cats. 9 However, thoracoscopy in cats has some limitations, including the need for specialized anesthetic procedures (one lung ventilation [OLV]) and equipment. 10,11 Furthermore, endoscopic stapling devices commonly
Lung lobectomy via VATS is a standard-of-care procedure for resection of many primary lung tumors in humans. This minimally invasive approach has advantages and disadvantages, but it is generally recognized that VATS can result in less acute and
