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been recommended for short procedures like x-rays, blood sampling, and physical examinations to diminish stress and have better control of the patient. 1 , 2 Isoflurane is a frequently used inhaled anesthesia in birds because it has a quick and easy
the guidelines from the AVMA, there are few acceptable methods for euthanasia of terrestrial invertebrates. 5 Terrestrial invertebrates are primarily immobilized with isoflurane or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). 6 Secondary steps include injectable methods
rebreathing circuit and a ventilator-integrated anesthesia machine (Aestiva 5/7900; GE-Datex Ohmeda). Anesthetic maintenance was isoflurane in oxygen (1 to 2 L/min) targeting the end-tidal concentration of isoflurane (ET ISO ) between 1.4 and 1.6% as
infusion rates of remifentanil during anesthesia with equipotent concentrations of isoflurane in mechanically ventilated dogs and the possible correlation between opioid-induced changes in plasma vasopressin concentrations with some hemodynamic variables
anesthetic dose afforded by opioid receptor agonists is associated with reduced magnitude of cardiovascular depression in some species. 6,7 Fentanyl has been shown to reduce isoflurane MAC in rabbits 8 ; however, to our knowledge, whether this provides
Isoflurane is commonly used for inhalation anesthesia in dogs. Use of isoflurane often results in vasodilation, which can potentially cause hypotension. 1 Administration of premedication agents (tranquilizers, analgesics, and anxiolytics) before
allows comparison of anesthetic agents by potency and the ability to determine the MAC-sparing effects of other classes of drugs. Although isoflurane MAC among species is relatively consistent, deviations as high as 40% have been reported for some
anesthetic induction with diazepam and ketamine or xylazine and ketamine, with subsequent maintenance of anesthesia with isoflurane, in foals undergoing laparotomy and laparoscopy. Materials and Methods Animals —The University of Guelph Animal Care
Awake adult horses maintain an ICP of approximately 2 mm Hg that varies little with head position, 1 which suggests that CBF and CBV are highly regulated in the presence of fluctuating hydrostatic gradients. Isoflurane administration causes
the MAC of isoflurane; for example, MAC reductions as high as 25% can be safely achieved in dogs. 9,10 The clinical use of most NMDA antagonists, however, is hampered by short duration of action, low therapeutic index, and narrow separation between
