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locking plate fixation applied to cadaveric canine cervical spines . Vet Surg 2013 ; 42 : 825 – 831 . 17. Pfirrmann CW , Metzdorf A , Zanetti M , et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration . Spine

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

In dogs, degenerative lumbosacral stenosis is considered the most common cause of cauda equina syndrome. This condition is characterized by intervertebral disk degeneration and herniation, compensatory new bone production, proliferation of

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

, Egenvall A , Hagman R , et al . Incidence of intervertebral disk degeneration–related diseases and associated mortality rates in dogs . J Am Vet Med Assoc . 2012 ; 240 ( 11 ): 1300 – 1309 . doi: 10.2460/javma.240.11.1300 2. da Costa RC , De

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

Intervertebral disk disease is characterized by intervertebral disk degeneration and protrusion or extrusion of disk material into the vertebral canal. It is the most common cause of paresis and paralysis in dogs. 1,2 It has been estimated 1

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

associated with intervertebral disk degeneration exist in dogs. As in humans, the cause of frequently occurring lumbosacral disk degeneration leading to cauda equina compression in large-breed dogs is still unclear. Despite differences in posture and gait

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

AR , et al . Facet joint geometry and intervertebral disk degeneration in the L5–S1 region of the vertebral column in German Shepherd Dogs . Am J Vet Res 2002 ; 63 : 86 – 90 . 10.2460/AJVR.2002.63.86 80. Sande RD . Radiography, myelography

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

plane magnetic resonance imaging scans of 95 normal subjects . J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2003 ; 26 : 160 – 170 . 10.1016/S0161-4754(02)54109-9 35. Seiler GS Hani H Busato AR , et al. Facet joint geometry and intervertebral disk

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

, Smolders LA , Grinwis GC , et al. Intervertebral disc degeneration in the dog. Part 1: anatomy and physiology of the intervertebral disc and characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration . Vet J 2013 ; 195 : 282 – 291 . 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

disk degeneration, disk herniation, loss of disk height, proliferation of soft tissue and bone, and foraminal stenosis. The lesions are dynamic, and for diagnosis, images are required with the LSJ in flexed and extended positions. Surgical treatment

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

degeneration in dogs. 8,15 Additionally, both of these schemes are known to have substantial agreement with each other, 15 indicating that MRI, to a large extent, reflects gross pathological changes in IVDs. Intervertebral disk degeneration in cats has been

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research