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contribution from LF power ( P = 0.12). The multiple linear regression equation of HR = 25.3 + (0.0452 HF) + (1.86 LF:HF) fit the road transportation data well ( R 2 = 0.863; P < 0.001; Figure 5 ). Figure 5— Heart rate as a function of HF power and
.01 to 0.07 Hz and frequency of the HF power was set at 0.07 to 0.6 Hz, as previously determined for horses. 7 Heart rate, HRV indices (LF power and HF power), and the LF:HF ratio were determined from each recording. Statistical analysis —Values were
were 38.9 ± 1.5 beats/min, 41.7 ± 5.6 beats/min, 41.5 ± 4.3 beats/min, and 48.8 ± 5.6 beats/min, respectively ( Figures 1 and 2 ). Heart rate was significantly ( P = 0.013) higher during air-transport conditions than it was during quarantine conditions
. However, several factors (including heart rate, left atrial pressure, and rate of myocardial relaxation) affect the E wave:A wave. 1,2 In contrast, FS (which reflects the change in left ventricular internal diameter) is influenced by afterload as well as
–9 of exercise-induced changes in hematologic and biochemical variables in horses. Some of these studies 1,5,7 also involved examination of the association between heart rate and biochemical variables and found an increased heart rate to be indicative
depression, visible decreases in external anal sphincter tone, tremors in locomotor muscles, failure of voluntary muscular coordination, and collapse to sternal or lateral recumbency. 4,5 Nation et al 4 reported that heart rate increased by 50% following IV
Polynomial glucose threshold GTv Visual glucose threshold HR Heart rate HRdp Heart rate deflection point HRmax Maximum heart rate IET Incremental exercise test LT Lactate threshold LTp Polynomial lactate threshold LTv Visual lactate threshold
Standard 6-lead ECGs have been used clinically for over 100 years to document heart rate and diagnose cardiac arrhythmias. 1,2 Recently, a relatively inexpensive, novel technology with a dedicated interface capable of recording ECGs with a
institutional review board. For all horses included in the study, age, breed, sex, and heart rate determined by the attending clinician at the time of admission were recorded. Heart rate variability was recorded within 1 hour after admission with horses
, heart rate, pulse quality, mucous membrane color, capillary refill time, and core-toe-web temperature gradient, to diagnose shock. Low blood pressure is also commonly used to support a diagnosis of shock. However, perfusion parameters and blood pressure
