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, 7 , 8 , 14 , 18 , 19 identification of serum markers of inflammation might improve patient management and prediction of postsurgical complications and survival. Examples of such markers include C-reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin, and 25
increasing interest in the use of APPs to evaluate the degree of immunologic stress related to subclinical infection and to assess herd health status and welfare in swine production. 4,5 Haptoglobin is considered a major APP in swine. An increase in serum
to classify the BRD risk of cattle and predict and diagnose BRD events is important to the cattle industry. Acute-phase proteins are synthesized by the liver as a portion of the immune system's acute response to infection. 9 The APP haptoglobin has
MMP-9 from degradation and alter the MMP-9 activation process. 10,11 The most recognized role of haptoglobin involves its high-affinity (dissociation constant of 10 −15 M) binding to hemoglobin, which is released during hemolysis. 12,13 This binding
plasma half-life of approximately 20 to 35 hours in several species. 4–6 This response makes SAA concentrations a sensitive marker during the early inflammatory response and useful for monitoring treatment efficacy. 4 Haptoglobin is a moderate APP in
synthesis. 10 Haptoglobin, a moderate APP in horses, begins to increase 12 to 24 hours following an inflammatory event and may be useful as an indicator of chronic inflammatory disease. 11 The primary function of haptoglobin is to bind free hemoglobin to
Acute-phase proteins (eg, CRP and haptoglobin) are proteins found in serum, and the concentration of APPs changes after tissue injury, infection, or trauma. 1 Analysis of APPs in pig production has become an area of increasing interest to
allow for accurate diagnosis of BRD. Recently, several attempts have been made to improve the accuracy of BRD diagnosis. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin, an acute-phase protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, increase in high
of these APPs (such as haptoglobin, SAA, and CRP), whereas there is a decrease in the serum concentration of other APPs (such as albumin). 4,5 Monitoring the health and welfare of pigs during the production process and tracing pork products in
Abstract
Objective—To determine whether concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and cortisol differ at parturition among 3 categories of sows (noninoculated, clinically affected and nonaffected following intramammary inoculation with Escherichia coli).
Animals—16 sows.
Procedure—Sows were allocated to inoculated (n = 12) or noninoculated (4) groups. Inoculated sows received intramammary administration of E coli (serotype O127) during the 24-hour period preceding parturition. Blood samples were collected from noninoculated and inoculated sows for 3 consecutive days within 3 to 11 days before farrowing and inoculation. Samples were also collected 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after farrowing and inoculation. Inoculated sows were further categorized as affected (4 sows) or nonaffected (8 sows) based on clinical signs of disease. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, plasma interleukin (IL)-6, and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations were measured by use of ELISA; serum haptoglobin concentration was assayed by use of a hemoglobin- binding method; and plasma cortisol concentration was determined by use of radioimmunoassay.
Results—Plasma or serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, and SAA of both categories of inoculated sows were significantly increased by 24 hours after intramammary inoculation of E coli, compared with concentrations in noninoculated sows. Concentrations of serum TNF-α and plasma IL-6 were significantly higher in inoculated sows that developed clinical mastitis than in nonaffected inoculated sows.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 are promising markers for the identification of periparturient sows with subclinical coliform mastitis. Identification of such sows should help improve the health and survival of piglets. (Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1434–1439)
