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Summary
Effects of 1 hour of colonic volvulus and 3 hours of reperfusion on concentrations of thromboxane (txb 2) and prostacyclin (6-keto-PGFlα) in portal, pulmonary arterial, and jugular blood were determined by radioimmunoassay to assess the site of production and clearance of these eicosanoids from the circulation in 5 anesthetized ponies. Colonic volvulus had no significant effect on mean arterial pressure or txb 2 concentrations, but significantly (P < 0.05) increased 6-keto-PGF1α concentrations in all blood samples. Immediately after colonic reperfusion, all eicosanoid concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased. Then, txb 2 returned to baseline values, whereas 6-keto-PGF1α concentrations remained significantly (P < 0.05) high for the remainder of the study. Eicosanoid concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) greater in portal blood than in pulmonary arterial and jugular blood samples at all periods. This suggests that the splanchnic circulation is the primary site of eicosanoid production during and after colonic volvulus and the liver appears to provide most of the circulatory clearance of thromboxane and prostacyclin.
abdominal adhesions have been implicated as risk factors for developing colonic volvulus in humans. 15 – 17 Although the exact pathophysiology of the condition is not clear in dogs, authors have suggested that altered gastrointestinal motility due to these
Summary
Surface oximetry was used to evaluate viability of the ascending colon in 60 horses with naturally occurring colonic volvulus or displacement. Tissue surface oxygen tension (Ps o 2 ) was measured on the serosal surface of the pelvic flexure after anatomic correction of the colonic obstruction. Horses with Ps o 2 > 20 mm of Hg were predicted to have viable colon; whereas, horses with Ps o 2 ≤ 20 mm of Hg were predicted to have nonviable colon. Results of surface oximetry were compared with final outcome. For surface oximetry, sensitivity (ability to accurately identify colon that was nonviable) was 53%, but specificity (ability to accurately identify bowel that was viable) was 100%. Negative predictive value (probability that a horse with Ps o 2 > 20 mm of Hg truly had viable bowel) was 87%, and positive predictive value (probability that a horse with Ps o 2 ≤ 20 mm of Hg truly had nonviable bowel) was 100%. The overall accuracy was 88%. Of the 45 horses that had a colonic Ps o 2 > 20 mm of Hg and survived, 7 had been given, on the basis of subjective assessment of visual criteria, a good prognosis, 28 had been given a guarded prognosis, and 10 had been given a poor prognosis. Of the horses that had a colonic Ps o 2 > 20 mm of Hg but died after surgery because of further colonic infarction, confirmed at necropsy, 4 had been given a poor prognosis, and 3 had been given a guarded prognosis. Of the 8 horses that had a colonic Ps o 2 ≤ 20 mm of Hg and died after surgery, 7 had been given a poor prognosis, and 1 had been given a guarded prognosis. We concluded that surface oximetry, a relatively noninvasive technique, provided a better prediction of survival in horses with colonic volvulus or displacement than did visual inspection alone.
. Additionally, the pneumocolonographic finding of a focal discontinuation of luminal gas at the level of the descending and transverse colon was compatible with colonic volvulus. 2 Following reduction of the colon, a left-sided colopexy 5 was performed to
thoracic cavity including a 270° clockwise colonic volvulus, which was derotated and retracted through the epiploic foramen. Postoperative recovery included 8 days of critical care hospitalization prior to hospital discharge. The dog survived another 2
abdomen (C). The radiographic findings are most consistent with a colonic volvulus. Additional differential diagnoses for a severely gas-distended colon include colitis, typhlitis, intussusception, and cecal inversion; however, these were considered
is located in the normally positioned stomach ( Figure 2 ). Differential diagnoses based on radiographic findings include colonic volvulus, foreign body obstruction, volvulus of the small intestine, and adynamic ileus. Figure 2— Same