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time of first pull for BRD. Risk factors associated with BRD morbidity and mortality have been well researched. 6 Weight of incoming cattle to a feedyard, distance transported, time of the year, and more have been well-established markers for BRD
Feedlot cattle are frequently exposed to high environmental THIs during the summer months within cattle feeding regions of North America. Cattle performance is adversely affected by high temperatures. Cattle housed in unshaded areas have poor dry
Introduction Right heart failure (RHF) related deaths continue to be problematic for feeding operations and cattle owners due to unclear cause and insufficient ability to identify high risk individuals or cohorts. Historically RHF were only
Bovine respiratory disease represents substantial financial and animal health challenges for cattle producers. 1 It is a multifactorial disease complex caused by multiple viral and bacterial pathogens as well as environmental factors such as
bronchopneumonia and may have enlarged bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues. Other causes of fetal bronchopneumonia in cattle include, but are not limited to, Brucella spp, Salmonella spp, Mannheimia spp, Pasteurella spp, Histophilus somni , and
Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of coumaphos, an organophosphate (OP) acaricide, at concentrations up to 2 times higher than the highest concentration required by the US Eradication Program against all stages of an OP-resistant strain of Boophilus microplusin experimentally infested cattle.
Animals—16 tick-naïve 200-kg female Hereford calves.
Procedure—Four groups of cattle (4 calves/group) were all infested with Boophilus ticks 3 times before treatment. Each group was treated with coumaphos as follows: group 1, at 0.165% active ingredient (AI); group 2, at 0.299% AI; group 3, at 0.566% AI; and group 4, not treated. Following treatment, ticks were collected for 21 days. Ticks collected 1 to 7, 8 to 14, and 15 to 21 days after treatment were considered adults, nymphs, and larvae, respectively, at time of treatment.
Results—Overall control at 0.165, 0.299, and 0.566% AI was 52.9, 75.8, and 89.7%, respectively. Control of adults ranged from 4.3% at 0.165% AI to 73.5% at 0.566% AI. Control of nymphs ranged from 60.6% at 0.165% AI to 97.3% at 0.566% AI. Control of larvae was > 98% at all coumaphos concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—All coumaphos concentrations failed to provide acceptable control for use in the US Eradication Program against OPresistant ticks. Treatment was least effective against adults and most effective against larvae. Even at 0.566% AI (2 times higher than required by the US Eradication Program), ticks were not eradicated, placing the United States at risk from dispersing cattle harboring viable ticks to uninfested areas. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:684–689)
Abstract
Objective—To determine efficacy of vaccines incorporating QuilA, alum, dextran combined with mineral oil, or Freund adjuvant for immunization of feedlot cattle against Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus spp.
Animals—24 steers housed under feedlot conditions.
Procedure—Steers were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups and a control group. Animals in experimental groups were inoculated on days 0 and 26 with vaccines containing Freund adjuvant (FCA), QuilA, dextran combined with mineral oil (Dex), or alum as adjuvant. Serum anti-S bovis and anti- Lactobacillus IgG concentrations were measured, along with fecal pH, ruminal fluid pH, and number of S bovis and Lactobacillus spp in ruminal fluid.
Results—Throughout the study, serum anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations for animals in the Dex, QuilA, and alum groups were similar to or significantly higher than concentrations for animals in the FCA group. Serum anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations were significantly increased on days 26 through 75 in all 4 experimental groups, and there was a linear relationship between anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations. For animals in the QuilA and Dex groups, mean pH of feces throughout the period of experiment were significantly higher and numbers of S bovis and Lactobacillus spp in ruminal fluid on day 47 were significantly lower than values for control cattle.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that immunization of feedlot steers against S bovis and Lactobacillus spp with vaccines incorporating Freund adjuvant, QuilA, dextran, or alum as an adjuvant effectively induced high, long-lasting serum anti-S bovis and anti-Lactobacillus IgG concentrations. Of the adjuvants tested, dextran may be the most effective. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61;839–843)
The protection and promotion of appropriate animal welfare at abattoirs is a high priority for society in general and the beef industry in particular. Recently, poorly defined abnormalities in the mobility of cattle at abattoirs have garnered
Enzootic bovine lymphosarcoma, also known as BLV-associated malignant lymphoma (lymphosarcoma), is the most common neoplasm of dairy cattle. Although beef and dairy cattle are susceptible to BLV infection and BLV-associated lymphosarcoma, the
Bovine respiratory disease remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and death as well as economic loss in the beef cattle industry worldwide. 1 Regarded as a disease complex, BRD has multiple viral and bacterial etiologies. Additional
