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Quantitative CT has been used extensively to measure mean density of whole bones 1–4 and mean density of specific ROIs 5–7 in bones of humans and other animals. Some investigators have cut bone specimens prior to scanning via CT to improve
, fractures can be a substantial cause of morbidity caused by complexity and extensive soft tissue damage. 2 Optimal fracture healing restores the original bone integrity and strength and is accomplished by an active interaction between osteocytes
similar neoplastic cells that compressed and displaced the adjacent parenchyma and soft tissues. In the vertebral lesion, neoplastic cells invaded the ventral aspect of the vertebral body, the transverse process was fragmented, and the bone was replaced by
Horses that have a BFS (including SAO [ie, osteoporosis associated with pulmonary silicosis]) may have deformities in multiple bones (eg, scapulae and pelvic bones), osteoarthrosis of cervical vertebrae, nondisplaced rib fractures, or complete
Implant loosening is commonly encountered in humans and other animals that undergo orthopedic surgery and results in compromised construct stability, decreased patient comfort, and additional expenses. 1–15 The holding power of an implant in bone
Distraction osteogenesis has been used in the management of various skeletal conditions, including bone length deficits, bone deformities, bone loss after traumatic injury or radical resection, and craniofacial reconstruction. 1,2 The principle
Abstract
Objective—To evaluate changes in serum concentrations of biochemical markers of bone metabolism and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) associated with treadmill exercise in young horses.
Animals—12 two-year-old Thoroughbred mares.
Procedure—During a 20-week study period, 6 horses were exercised on a treadmill 3 times a week (exercise group) and 6 horses received walking exercise 6 days a week (controls). Serum concentrations or activity of biochemical markers and IGF-I were assessed biweekly. Bone mineral density and content of the first phalanx were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorbiometry (DEXA) on completion of the study.
Results—Compared with values in controls, bone mineral density and content were higher and serum concentrations of osteocalcin (a marker of bone formation) and the carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (a marker of bone resorption; ICTP) were lower in exercised horses. Serum concentration and activity of the bone formation markers carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were not different between the 2 groups. Serum IGF-I concentration was lower in the exercise group, compared with control values; there was a significant correlation between change in IGF-I values and changes in osteocalcin, ICTP, and BAP values at the end of the study.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treadmill exercise over 20 weeks induced adaptive changes in bones of 2-year-old Thoroughbreds; training appears to increase bone mineral density, thereby enhancing mechanical strength of bone, but decreases bone turnover. Results indicated an association between changes in serum IGF-I concentration and bone cell activity in horses. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1549–1556)
Bone marrow grafting, either as unconcentrated or concentrated bone marrow, has been applied to treat various orthopedic disorders as a point-of-care transplantation. Bone marrow tissue is a rich autologous source of bone marrow
the second metatarsal bone. Orthogonal radiographic views showed the swelling to be attributable to cystic enlargement of the bone associated with cortical thinning ( Figure 1 ). Cytologic evaluation of fine-needle aspirates of the swelling revealed
During the last decade, researchers have investigated the relationship between exercise history and changes in the structure of subchondral bone in metacarpophalangeal joints in Thoroughbred racehorses. They found that the palmar aspect of the
