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.3 million for seven joint NADPRP-NAHLN projects. Among these are projects to support development or evaluation of point-of-care diagnostic tests for the virus that causes African swine fever, for avian influenza virus and avian paramyxovirus type 1, and for
transmission of the virus. Arrival from Europe The strains of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus currently circulating in North America were identified in Europe in fall 2020, and they spread through the continent and into Africa, the Middle
Summary
A double-antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa) was developed for detection of avian influenza virus (aiv) antigen. A monoclonal antibody to the viral nucleoprotein (np) was used to coat the elisa plates. A direct das-elisa and an indirect das-elisa were evaluated. In the direct das-elisa, monoclonal antibody to the aiv np conjugated with horseradish peroxidase was used. The direct das-elisa was evaluated for its sensitivity to detect purified np; this procedure detected as little as 0.1 ng. In the indirect das-elisa, rabbit np antibody and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobin were used as primary and secondary antibodies, respectively. The indirect das-elisa was evaluated for its ability to detect the aiv antigen in tracheal and cloacal specimens from turkeys inoculated with aiv. Results of indirect das-elisa were compared with those of conventional virus isolation. Percentage agreement between indirect das-elisa and virus isolation in aiv-positive samples was found to be 76.1% and, in aiv-negative samples, it was found to be 82.1%. These results in dicate that the das-elisa might be a viable alternative to virus isolation because of its rapidity, compared with virus isolation.
protein. 7 Because the peptide structure connecting the HA 1 and HA 2 subunit has been found to determine tissue tropism of avian influenza virus, 29,30 it is possible that diminishing the ability of equine cellular proteases to cleave the CIV HA
involving highly lethal strains of H5N1 avian influenza virus not be published in full detail. These experiments had been performed at the University of Wisconsin and the Erasmus Medical Centre in The Netherlands. The recommendation against publication of
dogs. 39 In birds, VPC has been associated with hypokalemia, thiamine deficiency, vitamin E deficiency, Newcastle disease, avian influenza viruses, and lead and digoxin toxicosis. 14 In addition, VPC has been associated with inhalation anesthetic
also started with the first know spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses acros the Bering Strait into North American flyways, likely throug adaptation of the viruses to ducks, Dr. Clifford said. Condensed from Sept. 1, 2015 , JAVMA News
Examiners. Condensed from Aug. 15, 2015 , JAVMA News. Biosecurity gaps likely aided H5N2 spread Lax biosecurity likely helped spread a highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza virus among farms, according to federal agriculture authorities. The
save other flocks during disease outbreaks. Citing delays in depopulating flocks in response to this year's highly pathogenic avian influenza virus outbreak, Department of Agriculture officials indicated they will consider whether to shut barn doors
H5 avian influenza viruses now in U.S. poultry flocks could have continued effects during the next year of wild bird migrations. About 45 million birds were expected to be killed or depopulated by early June because of flock infections with an H5N2