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sacculectomy have been described. 3 The open approach, which involves making a direct incision into the anal gland to expose the lining of the anal sac, is considered faster and simpler to perform but inappropriate for anal sacs affected by tumors. 7 The
osteoarthritis is recommended. 14,18 Traditionally, arthrocentesis of the centrodistal joint has been performed via a medial approach through the gap between the central, third, and fused first and second tarsal bones at the distal aspect of or through the
of the coelom in that species most often involves a left or right lateral approach with the animal positioned in lateral recumbency. 4,10,16 In green iguanas, no substantial difference exists between these approaches in visibility of the lungs, liver
to compare this approach with the conventional REA. The 2 procedures were performed on feline cadavers and compared in terms of completion rate, duration, perceived ease of use, and image quality. We hypothesized that the ROSA would be easy to perform
blockade has been performed in dogs to provide preemptive analgesia for orthopedic procedures. 10–12 Comparable techniques for use in cattle have not been reported. The purpose of the study reported here was to explore various approaches for a practical
inguinal location on the right side. 5 , 6 To the authors' knowledge, the frequencies of retained left versus right testes in pigs have not been reported. Retrospective studies describing surgical approaches to cryptorchidectomy in pigs are lacking, and
sea. When such foreign bodies lodge in the lumen of the esophagus, their removal can be easily achieved surgically by approaching the cervical portion of the esophagus from the ventral surface because of the soft and distensible nature of this part of
old. Arthrocentesis of the tarsal joints is a procedure commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. 6,7,11,14,15 The injection site most commonly used for the TMT joint is accessed via the lateral approach. 6,7,11 No other sites of
specimens or when ureteral access is required for therapeutic endourology. 8,9 We have previously described a novel minimally invasive, fluoroscopic-assisted, perineal approach for rigid urethrocystoscopy in male dogs. 10 , a This approach allows access to
Introduction As we are adjusting to the new normal following a turbulent pandemic on the planet, we truly recognize the fundamental importance of a global perspective and approach to understanding and improving the health and well-being of
