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Gy) may cause apoptosis of tumor endothelial cells, thereby increasing the extent of tumor cell death, as well as increased antitumor immunity and vascular damage that result in indirect tumor cell killing. 5 However, on the basis of preclinical and
immune destruction. 26 , 27 Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including MoAbs with blocking activities, amplify antitumor immune responses by interrupting coinhibitory signaling pathways with subsequent enhanced immune-mediated elimination of cancer
tumor that affects antitumor immunity, which could result in more aggressive or metastatic tumors. 10,36–38 Additional research is necessary to elucidate the effects of TAI and OSCC progression in dogs. In the present study, only 5 of the 31 (16
fractionated radiation therapy. 11 High-dose fractions may cause apoptosis of tumor endothelial cells, thereby increasing tumor cell death and causing local vascular damage that in turn results in indirect killing of tumor cells and increased antitumor
vaccine is the ability to elicit an antitumor immune response that results in clinical regression of the tumor or reduction in the likelihood of metastasis. It may take several months of treatment before a clinical response to cancer vaccines is evident