Search Results
tooth extraction, abscess excision with or without marsupialization, an abscess-packing technique using antibiotic-soaked gauze, or the use of various topical treatments. 3 , 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 14 , 15 Currently, reports on the effectiveness of treatment
, administration of systemic antibiotics, and the removal of metallic implants after adequate healing of the surgical site. 2 , 3 Successful clearance of orthopedic SSI with systemic antibiotics alone can be challenging due to several factors, including inability
of the efficacy, the time to response, and how their use of antimicrobials has changed over their career. The majority of respondents reported that antibiotic management was extremely or very effective, had an expected response time of 1 to 2 days
A ccording to the WHO, antibiotic resistance (AR) is 1 of the top 10 global health threats. 1 , 2 In fact, AR is already a leading cause of death globally. 3 It has been estimated that if it continues at the current rate, by 2050 antimicrobial
antibiotic exposure and failure to meet the optimum PK-PD target are risks that contribute to the emergence of resistant bacteria. If the PK-PD target is not achieved with adequate doses, suboptimal exposure leads to the selection of resistant strains that
, and antiemetics. 1 , 3 , 4 Rapid clinical improvement is observed in most cases without the need for antibiotics. 1 , 3 Histopathological examinations have revealed necrotizing enterocolitis and layers of Clostridium perfringens strains adherent to
abscesses includes systemic broad-spectrum antibiotics and intraoral mucosal incision and drainage without tooth extraction. 11 This protocol improves the animal’s general condition and, in most cases, heals rapidly with no complications. 11 In rabbits
Introduction Antibiotics represent a subset of antimicrobials that are active against bacteria at therapeutic concentrations. 1 The cattle-feeding industry is under increasing pressure to decrease the use of antibiotics deemed critically
site marsupialization and antimicrobial treatments such as antibiotic-soaked gauze or polymethylmethacrylate beads are commonly advocated treatments. 1 , 4 , 5 The use of antibiotic beads at the infection sites enables high localized antibiotic levels
Summary:
Four commercially available screening tests for antibiotic residues in milk were evaluated for their ability to correctly identify the antibiotic status of cows. A field trial, which included 199 cows from 2 herds, was conducted. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for a positive test result were calculated by using the Bacillus stearothermophilus var calidolactis disk assay as the reference test. The relationship of risk factors to the probability of a false-positive result for each screening test was modeled by use of unconditional logistic regression. The risk factors evaluated in these models were loge somatic cell count (scc), intramammary infection, herd, milk appearance, time milk sample frozen before tested, days in lactation, parity, and manufacturer's lot number. The risk factors loge scc and intramammary infection were forced into all models. The overall specificities for the 4 tests ranged from 0.78 to 0.95, whereas likelihood ratios for a positive test result ranged from 4.54 to 20.0. When the confounding of cofactors was controlled in the logistic model, there was a positive effect of loge scc on the probability of a false-positive result for 3 of the screening tests, that is, for incremental increases in loge scc, there was an increasing likelihood for a false-positive result. In some of the tests, parity and intramammary infection also influenced the likelihood of a false-positive result.
The goal of cowside testing is to assist in the production of high-quality, antibiotic residue-free milk from dairies. To be consistent with the intent of a quality assurance program, cowside screening would be used only on cows recently treated with antibiotics and only after appropriate milk withholding times had been followed. In this situation where the probability of detecting antibiotic residue is low, the diagnostic reliability of a negative test result is likely to be high for all of the evaluated screening tests, but the reliability of a positive test result may be questionable. The reliability of the positive test result is problematic for the dairy industry. False-positive results lead to unnecessary waste of milk and economic loss, and could cause unwarranted criticism of the dairy industry. It is essential that the dairy industry demand that appropriate evaluations of these tests be accomplished, and limits on their appropriate use be established.
