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images were used to exclude vertebrae with fractures or deformities. Sagittal T2-weighted MRI images were used to exclude nucleus pulposus tissues with low signal intensities, as determined by use of the Pfirrmann grading system. 17 The caudal region of
Pfirrmann grading scheme On the basis of results from a previous study a and the grading scheme reported by Pfirrmann et al, 7 we developed and used an MRI-based grading scheme that we referred to as the modified Pfirrmann grading scheme. Similar to the
severe clinical signs may soon become available for dogs. Also, when performing clinical research, attempting to stop IVD degeneration, or stimulating IVD regeneration, the Pfirrmann grading scheme is a valuable tool for use in monitoring the progression
-breed dogs. Evaluation of the C5-6 and C6-7 IVDs on sagittal T2-weighted MRI images by use of the Pfirrmann grading system 27 revealed that all disks had a grade of 1 (clinically normal). Biomechanical testing During biomechanical testing
standardized grading of IVDD in cats, a modified Pfirrmann grading scheme for cats was recently developed. 25 Pfirrmann grading is performed on sagittal T2 weighted MRIs of the spine; the structure and signal intensity of the nucleus pulposus are evaluated
degeneration in accordance with the method of Thompson et al. 21 Pfirrmann grading of MRI images —The Pfirrmann system for grading IVD degeneration in human lumbar disks on midsagittal MRI images is a reliable method for use in grading IVDs of dogs. 29 The
intervertebral disk extrusion [cervical or thoracolumbar], Pfirrmann grade of disk degeneration, dispersion and extension features of extruded disk material, circumferential distribution of extruded material [ventral, ventrolateral, or dorsolateral], degree of
chondrodystrophic and non-chondrodystrophic dogs by use of Pfirrmann grading of images obtained with low-field magnetic resonance imaging . Am J Vet Res 2011 ; 72 : 893 – 898 . 10.2460/ajvr.72.7.893 29. Dhupa S , Glickman NW , Waters DJ
nonchondrodystrophic dogs by use of Pfirrmann grading of images obtained with low-field magnetic resonance imaging . Am J Vet Res 2011 ; 72 : 893 – 898 . 3. Bray JP Burbidge HM . The canine intervertebral disk: part one: structure and function . J Am Anim
have mechanical effects in the same area, triggering C-IVDH recurrence. It was also considered that nucleus pulposus with Pfirrmann grade 3 degeneration might be susceptible to the mechanical environment of the adjacent vertebral structure. This study