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- Author or Editor: Yuji Uzuka x
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a simplified single-blood-sample method (SBSM) involving iodixanol to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs and compare data provided by that procedure with data provided by a conventional multiple-blood-sample method (MBSM) involving inulin.
ANIMALS 26 healthy dogs and 36 dogs with naturally occurring renal disease.
PROCEDURES Dogs were used in various preliminary experiments to establish protocols for the SBSM and the MBSM of GFR estimation. To evaluate the relationship between GFRs obtained by the SBSM and the MBSM each involving iodixanol, iodixanol (40 mg of I/kg) was administered IV to 26 healthy dogs and 36 dogs with renal disease; blood sample collection was performed before and at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the injection. To evaluate the relationship between GFRs obtained by the SBSM involving iodixanol and the MBSM involving inulin, iodixanol (40 mg of I/kg) and inulin (50 mg/kg) were coadministered IV to 22 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with renal disease, followed by blood sample collection 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes later. Serum iodixanol and inulin concentrations were separately determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS Findings revealed a correlation (r = 0.99) between GFR estimated by the SBSM and MBSM each involving iodixanol. Likewise, GFR estimated by the SBSM involving iodixanol was correlated (r = 0.89) with that estimated by the MBSM involving inulin.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the SBSM involving iodixanol can be applied to estimate GFR in dogs, instead of use of an MBSM.
SUMMARY
Brain stem auditory-evoked potentials (baep) were recorded in 4 dogs to analyze the relationship between acoustic stimulus intensities and peak latencies of each wave, and to investigate the relative effects of xylazineatropine, xylazine-atropine-ketamine, and xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations and the time-course effects of the latter 2 drug combinations on baep. Click stimulations fixed at a stimulus rate of 10/s and a frequency of 4 kHz were delivered at intensities ranging from 10- to 110-dB sound pressure level (spl) in 10-dB steps for analyzing the relationship between the acoustic stimulus intensities and the peak latencies and at an intensity of 110-dB spl. for investigating the effects of the sedative and anesthetic drug combinations and their timecourse effects on baep.
Waves I to VI were identified with stimulus intensity of ≥ 50-dB spl. Wave VII was observed in some records, but was excluded from statistical analysis. As stimulus intensity was increased from 50- to 110-dB spl, the latency decreased for all waves during xylazine-atropineketamine anesthesia. There were no statistically significant differences in the peak latencies of each wave in baep among xylazine-atropine, xylazine-atropine-ketamine, and xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combinations 20 minutes after drug administration, except that the latency of wave VI during xylazine-atropine sedation was significantly (P < 0,01) shorter than that detected during xylazine-atropine-ketamine or xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital anesthesia. There were no significant changes in peak latencies of waves I, II, III, V, and VI for 90 minutes after administration of the xylazine-atropine-ketamine combination and for 120 minutes after administration of the xylazine-atropine-pentobarbital combination. It was concluded that baep did not change over time after xylazine-atropine-ketamine or xylazine-atropine pentobarbital administration.