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- Author or Editor: T.E. Specht x
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SUMMARY
The breaking strength (stress at failure) of equine third metacarpal bones, with and without clustered drill holes, was determined in vitro. Paired ossa metacarpalia II-IV of 39 horses (n = 39) between 2 and 7 years old were tested in palmarodorsal 3-point bending. Four treatments were compared. Clustered 2.7- or 3.5-mm drill holes, in a 4- or 7-hole pattern, were made in the dorsal cortex of the distal diaphysis of the left third metacarpal bone. Undrilled right third metacarpi were used as controls. Bones with clustered drill holes failed by an oblique fracture through 1 or more drill holes, whereas undrilled bones failed with a middiaphyseal transverse fracture. Clustered drill holes acted as a stress concentrator and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the stress required for failure. However, differences in breaking strength between treatment groups were not significant (P > 0.05).
SUMMARY
Serum concentrations of metronidazole were determined in 6 healthy adult mares after a single iv injection of metronidazole (15 mg/kg of body weight). The mean elimination rate (K) was 0.23 h-1, and the mean elimination half-life (t1/2) was 3.1 hours. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state was 0.69 L/kg, and the clearance was 168 ml/h/kg.
Each mare was then given a loading dose (15 mg/kg) of metronidazole at time 0, followed by 4 maintenance doses (7.5 mg/kg, q 6 h) by nasogastric tube. Metronidazole concentrations were measured in serial samples of serum, synovia, peritoneal fluid, and urine. Metronidazole concentrations in csf and endometrial tissues were measured after the fourth maintenance dose. The highest mean concentration in serum was 13.9 ± 2.18 μg/ml at 40 minutes after the loading dose (time 0). The highest mean synovial and peritoneal fluid concentrations were 8.9 ± 1.31 μg/ml and 12.8 ± 3.21 μg/ml, respectively, 2 hours after the loading dose. The lowest mean trough concentration in urine was 32 μg/ml. Mean concentration of metronidazole in csf was 4.3 ± 2.51 μg/ml and the mean concentration in endometrial tissues was 0.9 ± 0.48 μg/g at 3 hours after the fourth maintenance dose.
Two mares hospitalized for treatment of bacterial pleuropneumonia were given metronidazole (15.0 mg/kg, po, initially then 7.5 mg/kg, po, q 6 h), while concurrently receiving gentamicin, potassium penicillin, and flunixin meglumine iv. Metronidazole pharmacokinetics and serum concentrations in the sick mares were similar to those obtained in the healthy mares.
