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  • Author or Editor: S. J. Upton x
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Abstract

Objective—To determine accuracy of the use of triaxial accelerometry for measuring daily activity as a predictor of maintenance energy requirement (MER) in healthy adult Labrador Retrievers.

Animals—10 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers.

Procedures—Dogs wore an accelerometer for two 2-week periods, with data on daily activity successfully collected for 24 to 26 days. These data, along with body weight, were used as independent variables in a multiple linear regression model to predict the dependent variable of daily MER. The predictive accuracy of the model was compared with that of a model that excluded activity. Dietary energy intake at a stated amount of body weight stability was used as an equivalent measure of MER in these analyses.

Results—The multiple linear regression model that included body weight and daily activity as independent variables could be used to predict observed MER with a mean absolute error of 63.5 kcal and an SE of estimation of 94.3 kcal. Removing activity from the model reduced the predictive accuracy to a mean absolute error of 129.8 kcal and an SE of estimation of 165.4 kcal.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of triaxial accelerometers to provide an independent variable of daily activity yielded a marked improvement in predictive accuracy of the regression model, compared with that for a model that used only body weight. Improved accuracy in estimations of MER could be made for each dog if an accelerometer was used to record its daily activity.

Full access
in American Journal of Veterinary Research

Summary

Ultrastructure of the interactions of host cell mitochondria with developing Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts was examined in cultured cells, using transmission electron microscopy of infected cells and rhodamine 123 (a mitochondria-specific vital fluorescent dye) staining of isolated tissue cysts. Structurally mature T gondii tissue cysts were observed as early as 2 days after inoculation of cultured cells. During development of T gondii, host cell mitochondria were observed surrounding the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. Mitochondria became flat and elongated in the vicinity of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane. These mitochondria were also closely associated with T gondii tissue cysts. Incubation of tissue cysts from cultured cells and tissue cysts from mouse brains with rhodamine 123 revealed fluorescence of the tissue cyst wall in living specimens. Incubation of tissue cysts with 10 µM rotenone caused diminished fluorescence of the tissue cyst walls, and 100 µM rotenone caused complete inhibition. Mouse RBC, and tissue cysts fixed in 100% methanol did not fluoresce after exposure to rhodamine. Tissue cysts in 9 isolates of T gondii from mouse brains were examined, using rhodamine 123, and the tissue cyst walls of all isolates fluoresced, indicating no isolate effects. Our results indicate that host cell mitochondria may be closely associated with the tissue cysts of T gondii in cell cultures and in mice.

Free access
in American Journal of Veterinary Research