Search Results
You are looking at 1 - 5 of 5 items for
- Author or Editor: Raymond F. Nachreiner x
- Refine by Access: All Content x
Abstract
Objective—To establish a sensitive test for the detection of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in canine serum samples.
Sample Population—365 serum samples from dogs with hypothyroidism as determined on the basis of serum concentrations of total and free triiodothyronine (T3), total and free thyroxine (T4), and thyroidstimulating hormone, of which 195 (53%) had positive results for at least 1 of 3 thyroid autoantibodies (against thyroglobulin [Tg], T4, or T3) and serum samples from 28 healthy dogs (control samples).
Procedure—TPO was purified from canine thyroid glands by extraction with detergents, ultracentrifugation, and precipitation with ammonium sulfate. Screening for anti-TPO autoantibodies in canine sera was performed by use of an immunoblot assay. Thyroid extract containing TPO was separated electrophoretically, blotted, and probed with canine sera. Alkaline phosphatase–conjugated rabbit anti-dog IgG was used for detection of bound antibodies.
Results—TPO bands were observed at 110, 100, and 40 kd. Anti-TPO autoantibodies against the 40-kd fragment were detected in 33 (17%) sera of dogs with positive results for anti-Tg, anti-T4, or anti-T3 autoantibodies but not in sera of hypothyroid dogs without these autoantibodies or in sera of healthy dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The immunoblot assay was a sensitive and specific method for the detection of autoantibodies because it also provided information about the antigen. Anti-TPO autoantibodies were clearly detected in a fraction of hypothyroid dogs. The value of anti-TPO autoantibodies for use in early diagnosis of animals with thyroid gland diseases should be evaluated in additional studies.
Abstract
Objective—To determine prevalence of thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAA) in serum of dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism.
Design—Cohort study.
Sample Population—287,948 serum samples from dogs with clinical signs consistent with hypothyroidism.
Procedure—Serum THAA were detected by use of a radiometric assay. Correlation and X 2 analyses were used to determine whether prevalence varied with breed, age, sex, or body weight. Only breeds for which ≥ 50 samples had been submitted were used for analysis of breed prevalence.
Results—Thyroid hormone autoantibodies were detected in 18,135 (6.3%) samples. The 10 breeds with the highest prevalence of THAA were the Pointer, English Setter, English Pointer, Skye Terrier, German Wirehaired Pointer, Old English Sheepdog, Boxer, Maltese, Kuvasz, and Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen. Prevalence was significantly correlated with body weight and was highest in dogs between 2 and 4 years old. Females were significantly more likely to have THAA than were males.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Thyroid hormone autoantibodies may falsely increase measured triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in dogs; results suggest that T3 concentration may be falsely increased in approximately 57 of 1,000 dogs with hypothyroidism and that T4 concentration may be falsely increased in approximately 17 of 1,000 dogs with hypothyroidism. Results also suggested that dogs of certain breeds were significantly more or less likely to have THAA than were dogs in general. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;220:466–471)
Abstract
Objective—To assess associations between epidemiologic and laboratory variables and calciotropic hormones in cats with odontoclastic resorptive lesions (ORLs).
Animals—182 client-owned cats older than 1 year of age with oral disease.
Procedure—Information on medical history, behavior, living environment, and feeding management was assessed by use of a questionnaire. After induction of general anesthesia, oral examination was performed following standardized protocols and included dental probing and full-mouth radiography. Laboratory analyses included evaluation of FeLV-FIV status, serum biochemical analyses, CBC, urinalysis, and serum concentrations of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), free thyroxine (fT4), and ionized calcium (iCa).
Results—ORLs were identified in 72.5% of cats. Mandibular third premolars were the most commonly affected teeth. Cats with ORLs were significantly older (mean, 9.2 years) than cats without ORLs (mean, 6.6 years). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that 25-OHD, urine specific gravity, jaw-opening reflex on probing, and missing teeth were significant variables, even after accounting for age. Cats with ORLs had significantly higher mean serum concentration of 25-OHD (112.4 nmol/L) and significantly lower mean urine specific gravity (1.0263), compared with cats without ORLs (89.8 nmol/L and 1.0366, respectively).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results did not indicate associations between iPTH, PTHrP, or fT4 and development of ORLs. In affected cats, the importance of high serum 25-OHD and low urine specific gravity has not been determined. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1446–1452)
Abstract
Objective—To assess use of serum thyroid hormone concentrations by veterinarians to diagnose hypothyroidism in sighthounds and to evaluate serum thyroid hormone concentrations in healthy Salukis.
Design—Retrospective case series and cross-sectional study.
Animals—398 sighthounds of various breeds with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and 283 healthy Salukis.
Procedures—Pretreatment thyroid hormone assay results from sighthounds subsequently classified as hypothyroid by practitioners were retrieved from a laboratory database. In healthy Salukis, serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), free T4, total triiodothyronine (T3), free T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and antibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones were assayed.
Results—Records indicated hypothyroidism had been diagnosed in 303 (76.1%) sight-hounds on the basis of low serum thyroid hormone concentrations alone and in 30 (7.5%) others despite all thyroid hormone indices being within reference limits. Only 65 (16.3%) dogs had a high TSH concentration or positive thyroglobulin autoantibody result to support the diagnosis. In healthy Salukis, median (reference limits) serum concentrations of total T4, free T4, total T3, free T3, and TSH were 13.0 nmol/L (2.8 to 40.0 nmol/L), 12.0 pmol/L (2.0 to 30.3 pmol/L), 1.0 nmol/L (0.4 to 2.1 nmol/L), 4.0 pmol/L (1.6 to 7.7 pmol/L), and 0.18 ng/mL (0 to 0.86 ng/mL), respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Diagnosis of hypothyroidism by practitioners was most often made without adequate supportive laboratory evidence. Thyroid hormone values in healthy Salukis differed markedly from standard reference limits for some, but not all, thyroid hormone indices. Breed-specific reference limits should be used when interpreting thyroid hormone profiles of sighthounds.
Abstract
Objectives—To determine the effects of racing and training on serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in Greyhounds.
Animals—9 adult racing Greyhounds.
Procedure—Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were measured before and 5 minutes after a race in dogs trained to race 500m twice weekly for 6 months. Resting concentrations were measured again when these dogs had been neutered and had not raced for 3 months. Postrace concentrations were adjusted relative to albumin concentration to allow for effects of hemoconcentration. Thyroid hormone concentrations were then compared with those of clinically normal dogs of non-Greyhound breeds.
Results—When adjusted for hemoconcentration, total T4 concentrations increased significantly after racing and TSH concentrations decreased; however, there was no evidence of a change in free T4 or total or free T3 concentrations. Resting total T4 concentrations increased significantly when dogs had been neutered and were not in training. There was no evidence that training and neutering affected resting TSH, total or free T3, or free T4 concentrations. Resting concentrations of T3, TSH, and autoantibodies against T4, T3, and thyroglobulin were similar to those found in other breeds; however, resting free and total T4 concentrations were lower than those found in other breeds.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Except for total T4, thyroid hormone concentrations in Greyhounds are affected little by sprint racing and training. Greyhounds with low resting total and free T4 concentrations may not be hypothyroid. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1969–1972)
