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- Author or Editor: Patricia N. Olson x
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Summary
Eighteen dogs were evaluated far azoospermia, 8 of which had sired pups. On the basis of history, physical examination, and various laboratory evaluations, the cause and site of azoospermia varied. Two dogs that had never sired pups had likely been azoospermic from puberty (congenital azoospermia). Two dogs were azoospermic as a result of tumors (Sertoli cell tumor and malignant astrocytoma of the pituitary gland). Deposits of IgG were observed in testicular biopsy samples, which suggested an autoimmune cause for azoospermia in 5 dogs. One of the 5 dogs with IgG deposits in testicular tissues also had evidence of immune-mediated thyroiditis. Culturing of microbes in the semen was not helpful in determining potential causes of azoospermia, and results did not correlate with organisms isolated from testicular biopsy samples or with the finding of inflammation in biopsy samples. Because 6 dogs had relatives with histories of reproductive dysfunction, inbreeding also must be considered when evaluating dogs for azoospermia.
Summary
Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (lh) and follicle-stimulating hormone (fsh) were measured in serum samples obtained from 100 dogs. Groups (n = 25/group) consisted of sexually intact and ovariohysterectomized bitches and sexually intact and castrated male dogs. Mean (± sd) concentrations of lh in the serum of sexually intact and ovariohysterectomized bitches were 1.2 (± 0.9) and 28.7 (± 25.8) ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of fsh in the serum of sexually intact and ovariohysterectomized bitches were 98 (± 49) and 1,219 (± 763) ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of lh in the serum of sexually intact and castrated male dogs were 6.0 (± 5.2) and 17.1 (± 9.9) ng/ml, respectively. Mean concentrations of fsh in the serum of sexually intact and castrated male dogs were 89 (± 28) and 858 (± 674) ng/ml, respectively. In addition to history, physical examination results, and other laboratory values, the measurement of serum gonadotropin concentrations may aid in determining whether dogs have been neutered.
Abstract
Objective
To use indirect calorimetry to compare heat production between gonadectomized and sexually intact male and female cats.
Design
Male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) kittens were gonadectomized at 7 weeks or 7 months of age, or left sexually intact. Body heat production was measured by indirect calorimetry in all cats at 12, 18, and 24 months of age.
Animals
18 male and 18 female clinically normal domestic shorthair cats.
Procedure
Heat production was measured, using an open-circuit, respiratory, indirect calorimeter. All cats underwent calorimetry at 12, 18, and 24 months of age. The heat coefficient, a measure of resting metabolic rate, was calculated for each cat at each test; heat coefficient is defined as logarithm of heat (kcal/h) divided by logarithm of body weight (kg).
Results
Heat production did not vary with age in male or female cats. Heat coefficient was higher in sexually intact male and female cats than in gonadectomized male and female cats at 12, 18, and 24 months of age (12 months, females, P < 0.01, males, P = 0.04; 18 months, females, P < 0.01, males, P = 0.02; and 24 months, females and males, P < 0.01).
Conclusions
These data suggest that resting metabolic rate in cats decreases after gonadectomy.
Clinical Relevance
A decrease in metabolic rate is synonymous with a decrease in caloric requirements. Gonadectomized animals fed in a manner similar to sexually intact animals may be predisposed to obesity and its sequelae.(Am J Vet Res 1996;57:371-374)
Summary
Failure to obtain passive transfer of immunity via colostrum can be detrimental to the health and survival of a young pup. It has been stated that pups that do not receive colostrum in the first 2 days after birth, be given adult dog serum as a source of protective immunoglobulins. Twenty-five Beagle pups were obtained by cesarean section from 6 Beagle bitches. The pups were allotted to 3 groups at birth. Group 1 was a control group and was allowed to suckle colostrum. Group-2 pups received 22 ml of pooled adult dog serum/kg of body weight (10 ml/lb) sc at birth. Group-3 pups were given 22 ml of pooled adult dog serum/kg by stomach tube at birth. Pups from groups 2 and 3 were separated from the bitch for 48 hours to prevent colostral antibody absorption and were fed a commercially available milk replacer by stomach tube. After 48 hours, all pups were returned to the bitch until they were weaned at 6 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected from all of the pups at birth and on days 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. The concentration of IgA, IgG, and IgM in serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion and compared by use of a one-way analysis of variance. The control pups had significantly higher serum concentrations of IgA and IgG, than the pups in groups 2 and 3 on days 1 and 2 and 2 and 7, respectively. Group-2 pups had significantly higher serum IgM concentrations on day 1 than either group 1- or group-3 pups.
