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- Author or Editor: Nora Berghoff x
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Abstract
Objective—To develop and analytically validate a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the quantification of lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, 3-O-methylglucose, and sucrose in canine serum.
Sample Population—Pooled serum samples from 200 dogs.
Procedures—Serum samples spiked with various sugars were analyzed by use of GC-MS. The method was analytically validated by determination of dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, intra-assay variability, and interassay variability.
Results—Standard curves ranging from 0.5 to 500 mg/L for each sugar revealed a mean r 2 of 0.997. The lower detection limit was 0.03 mg/L for lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, and methylglucose and 0.12 mg/L for sucrose. The observed-to-expected ratios for dilutional parallelism had a mean ± SD of 105.6 ± 25.4% at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8. Analytic recoveries for the GC-MS assays of sugars ranged from 92.1% to 124.7% (mean ± SD, 106.2 ± 13.0%). Intra-assay coefficients of variation ranged from 6.8% to 12.9% for lactulose, 7.1% to 12.8% for rhamnose, 7.2% to 11.2% for xylose, 8.9% to 11.5% for methylglucose, and 8.9% to 12.0% for sucrose. Interassay coefficients of variation ranged from 7.0% to 11.5% for lactulose, 6.4% to 9.4% for rhamnose, 6.8% to 13.2% for xylose, 7.0% to 15.9% for methylglucose, and 5.5% to 9.4% for sucrose.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The GC-MS method described here was accurate, precise, and reproducible for the simultaneous measurement of sugar probes in canine serum.
Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia or methylmalonic acidemia (or both) in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease.
Sample—Serum samples from 56 dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and 43 control dogs.
Procedures—Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were measured in all samples and compared between groups. A correlation between serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations and the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index was evaluated via the Spearman rank correlation.
Results—20 of 56 (36%) dogs with gastrointestinal disease had hypocobalaminemia. Serum cobalamin concentrations were significantly lower in dogs with gastrointestinal disease than in control dogs. Five of 56 (9%) dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and 5 of 20 (25%) hypocobalaminemic dogs had increased MMA concentrations. There was a significant negative correlation (Spearman r = −0.450) between serum cobalamin and MMA concentrations in dogs with gastrointestinal disease. No correlation was found between the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index and serum cobalamin or MMA concentrations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These data indicated the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease was 20 of 56 (36%). Five of 20 (25%) hypocobalaminemic dogs had increased serum MMA concentrations, which indicated that although hypocobalaminemia was common in these dogs, it did not always appear to be associated with a deficiency of cobalamin on a cellular level. Hypocobalaminemia is a risk factor for negative outcome in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and should be considered in every patient with corresponding clinical signs.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analytically validate a gas concentration of chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for measurement of 6 amino acids in canine serum samples and to assess the stability of each amino acid after sample storage.
SAMPLES Surplus serum from 80 canine samples submitted to the Gastrointestinal Laboratory at Texas A&M University and serum samples from 12 healthy dogs.
PROCEDURES GC-MS was validated to determine precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, and percentage recovery of known added concentrations of 6 amino acids in surplus serum samples. Amino acid concentrations in serum samples from healthy dogs were measured before (baseline) and after storage in various conditions.
RESULTS Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (10 replicates involving 12 pooled serum samples) were 13.4% and 16.6% for glycine, 9.3% and 12.4% for glutamic acid, 5.1% and 6.3% for methionine, 14.0% and 15.1% for tryptophan, 6.2% and 11.0% for tyrosine, and 7.4% and 12.4% for lysine, respectively. Observed-to-expected concentration ratios in dilutional parallelism tests (6 replicates involving 6 pooled serum samples) were 79.5% to 111.5% for glycine, 80.9% to 123.0% for glutamic acid, 77.8% to 111.0% for methionine, 85.2% to 98.0% for tryptophan, 79.4% to 115.0% for tyrosine, and 79.4% to 110.0% for lysine. No amino acid concentration changed significantly from baseline after serum sample storage at −80°C for ≤ 7 days.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE GC-MS measurement of concentration of 6 amino acids in canine serum samples yielded precise, accurate, and reproducible results. Sample storage at −80°C for 1 week had no effect on GC-MS results.
Abstract
Objective—To assess intestinal mucosal function by measuring permeability and absorptive capacity in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) before and after treatment and to determine whether those variables were correlated with clinical disease activity or histologic scoring of intestinal biopsy specimens.
Animals—29 dogs with CE.
Procedure—Dogs were designated as having dietresponsive CE or CE requiring glucorticoid treatment. Severity of clinical signs was assessed by calculating the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index (CIBDAI). Histologic severity of intestinal infiltration was assessed before and after 4 weeks of treatment in the diet-responsive group and before and after 10 weeks of treatment in the glucocorticoid group. Gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were assessed by use of intragastric administration of a solution containing lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, 3-O-methylglucose, and sucrose. Urine was collected 6 hours after administration of the sugar solution to determine urinary lactulose-to-rhamnose (L:R), xylose-to-methylglucose (X:M), and sucrose-to-methylglucose (S:M) ratios.
Results—Median CIBDAI scores decreased significantly in both groups of dogs after treatment. However, the median histologic grade of intestinal biopsy specimens did not change with treatment in either group. There were no significant differences in L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios after treatment in either group and no significant correlations between L:R, X:M, or S:M ratios and CIBDAI or histologic scores.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of tests for intestinal permeability and mucosal absorptive capacity were not useful indicators of clinical disease activity as assessed by the CIBDAI or the sever ity of infiltration as indicated by histologic evaluation.
