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- Author or Editor: Nathalie Kirschvink x
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Abstract
Objective—To compare sensitivity of the impulse oscillometry system (IOS) with that of the conventional reference technique (CRT; ie, esophageal balloon method) for pulmonary function testing in horses.
Animals—10 horses (4 healthy; 6 with recurrent airway obstruction [heaves] in remission).
Procedure—Healthy horses (group-A horses) and heaves-affected horses (group-B horses) were housed in a controlled environment. At each step of a methacholine bronchoprovocation test, threshold concentration (TC2SD; results in a 2-fold increase in SD of a value) and sensitivity index (SI) were determined for respiratory tract system resistance (Rrs) and respiratory tract system reactance (Xrs) at 5 to 20 Hz by use of IOS and for total pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), by use of CRT.
Results—Bronchoconstriction resulted in an increase in Rrs at 5 Hz (R5Hz) and a decrease in Xrs at all frequencies. Most sensitive parameters were Xrs at 5 Hz (X5Hz), R5Hz, and R5Hz:R10Hz ratio; RL and the provocation concentration of methacholine resulting in a 35% decrease in dynamic compliance (PC35Cdyn) were significantly less sensitive than these IOS parameters. The TC2SD for Xrs at 5 and 10 Hz was significantly lower in group-B horses, compared with group-A horses. The lowest TC2SD was obtained for X5Hz in group-B horses and R5Hz in group-A horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In contrast to CRT parameters, IOS parameters were significantly more sensitive for testing pulmonary function. The IOS provides a practical and noninvasive pulmonary function test that may be useful in assessing subclinical changes in horses. (Am J Vet Res 2003;64:1414–1420)
Abstract
Objective—To compare in overweight cats the effects of feeding moderate-energy diets with moderate fat content but with saturated fat (beef tallow), saturated fat plus citrus flavanones, or monounsaturated fat (olive oil) on plasma lipids and urinary F2-isoprostane concentrations.
Animals—20 overweight cats with mean ± SD body weight of 5.2 ± 0.2 kg and mean body condition score of 7.8 ± 0.2 (9-point scale).
Procedures—Body weight, plasma total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations, and urinary F2-isoprostane concentration (as marker of oxidative stress) were measured at the beginning of the study, when the cats were fed a maintenance diet, and after 1, 3, and 5 months of consuming test diets.
Results—In overweight cats, citrus flavanones supplementation of the saturated fat diet was associated with lower energy intake and with lower plasma lipids and urinary F2-isoprostane concentrations than in cats fed the saturated fat alone. Monounsaturated fat feeding resulted in lower food intake than in cats fed saturated fat. However, plasma lipids concentrations remained within reference limits throughout the study.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although the clinical relevance of these findings is unknown, the significant differences detected indicated that lower energy intake with citrus flavanones supplementation or with substitution of saturated fat for monounsaturated fat could be good strategies for decreasing plasma lipids concentration and oxidative stress in overweight cats, even before considerable loss of body weight is observed. (Am J Vet Res 2010;71:1039–1044)
