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- Author or Editor: Michael D. Schlicksup x
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection in feline renal transplant recipients with a preoperative seronegative or unknown serostatus (SN-UNK) for T gondii and the efficacy of lifelong prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection in feline renal transplant recipients with a preoperative seropositive serostatus (SP) for T gondii.
ANIMALS
24 cats with various serostatuses for T gondii before undergoing renal transplantation.
PROCEDURES
Medical records of cats that had undergone renal transplantation from 1998 through 2018 were reviewed. Two groups of cats were identified. Before renal transplantation, the SN-UNK group cats were seronegative for T gondii (n = 4) or serostatus for T gondii was unknown (4). The SN-UNK group cats received immunosuppressive therapy but were not maintained on prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection. The SP group cats were seropositive for T gondii (n = 16) prior to initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and renal transplantation and were managed after surgery with prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection.
RESULTS
All 8 SN-UNK group cats developed T gondii infections after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and renal transplantation; T gondii infections were fatal in 6 cats. Of 16 SP group cats, 1 developed a nonfatal T gondii infection resulting in an allograft rejection episode. No SP group cats, which were managed postoperatively with prophylactic treatment, developed a fatal T gondii infection.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
T gondii infection resulted in morbidity and death in immunosuppressed cats not receiving prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection after renal transplantation. Seropositive cats were acceptable candidates for renal transplantation when lifelong prophylactic treatment of T gondii infection was provided.
Abstract
Case Description—3 dogs were examined because of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), which is an obstruction of venous blood flow located between the liver and the junction of the caudal vena cava and right atrium. Two dogs had confirmed neoplastic obstructions, and the other dog had a suspected neoplastic obstruction of the hepatic veins and caudal vena cava.
Clinical Findings—All dogs had similar clinical signs of weight gain, lethargy, and ascites that did not respond to medical treatments, and 2 dogs had pitting edema of the hind limbs. Ultrasonography revealed a presumptive venous obstruction, which was confirmed by use of computed tomography.
Treatment and Outcome—Each dog was anesthetized. By use of fluoroscopic guidance, endovascular stents were placed within the left hepatic vein and caudal vena cava in 2 dogs, and a single stent was placed within the left hepatic vein extending into the caudal vena cava of the third dog. After stent placement, venous pressure in the left hepatic vein decreased. Resolution of clinical signs was dramatic in all 3 dogs (survival time ranged from 7 to 20 months), with only mild complications in 1 dog.
Clinical Relevance—Endovascular stents may be an appropriate palliative treatment for dogs with clinical signs attributable to BCS.
Abstract
Objective—To determine the prevalence of nonneoplastic middle ear disease among cats undergoing necropsy and the prevalence of clinical abnormalities in cats in which nonneoplastic middle ear disease was identified.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—59 cats that underwent necropsy between January 1991 and August 2007.
Procedures—Medical records were searched to identify cats in which nonneoplastic middle ear disease was identified at necropsy. For cats included in the study, data that were recorded included signalment, initial complaint, whether the cat had any clinical signs of middle or external ear disease, whether the cat had upper respiratory tract disease, necropsy diagnosis, gross appearance of the bullae, and reason for euthanasia. Signs of middle ear disease that were considered included unilateral peripheral vestibular disease without motor deficits, Horner syndrome, and facial nerve paralysis.
Results—Of the 3,442 cats that underwent necropsy during the study period, 59 (1.7%) had nonneoplastic middle ear disease. Six of the 59 (10%) cats, including 1 cat that was affected bilaterally, had clinical signs of middle ear disease. Of these, 5 had signs of unilateral peripheral vestibular disease, and 1 had Horner syndrome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that most cats with nonneoplastic middle ear disease did not have associated clinical signs. Findings may be of clinical relevance for cats in which middle ear disease is identified as an incidental finding during computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for unrelated diseases.
