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- Author or Editor: L. K. Fox x
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Abstract
Objective—To determine outcome of open toggle rod stabilization in dogs with luxation of the hip joint.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—62 dogs.
Procedures—Information on signalment, surgical procedure, and postoperative care was obtained from the medical records. A questionnaire was sent to all owners to solicit follow-up information.
Results—The distribution for time between luxation and surgery was bimodal, with 24 (39%) dogs examined ≤ 2 days after injury and 23 (37%) examined > 7 days after injury. Postoperative complications developed in 16 of the 62 (26%) dogs, with complications developing within 1 week after surgery in 10 of the 16. The most common complication was reluxation, which occurred in 7 dogs. Dogs in which surgery time was < 2 hours were significantly less likely to have a reluxation (2/40 [5%]) than were dogs in which surgery time was ≥ 2 hours (5/22 [23%]). When asked to rate current limb function (0 = no lameness and 5 = non–weightbearing lame) a minimum of 6 months after surgery, 23 of 27 (85%) owners indicated a score of 0 or 1.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggest that toggle rod stabilization is an effective treatment for hip joint luxation in dogs. However, complications, particularly reluxation, were common.
Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of administration of 1 dose of tulathromycin on the incidence of various diseases and growth, identify risk factors for slow growth, and determine the association of Mycoplasma bovis status with the incidence of otitis media in calves.
Design—Randomized controlled trial and cross-sectional study.
Animals—788 dairy heifer calves (median age, 3 days).
Procedures—Calves received tulathromycin or a saline (0.9% NaCl) solution control treatment once. Calves were observed daily for 8 weeks by farm staff to detect diseases. Nasal swab specimens were collected from some calves for Mycoplasma spp culture.
Results—Tulathromycin-treated calves had significantly lower odds of developing otitis media (OR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.82) versus control calves. Control calves had significantly higher odds of developing diarrhea (OR, 1.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 2.6) versus tulathromycin-treated calves. Control calves and those with failure of passive transfer, fever, lameness, respiratory tract disease, or diarrhea had significantly lower average daily gain versus other calves. Seventeen of the 66 (26%) calves that underwent repeated testing had positive Mycoplasma spp culture results, but positive results were not associated with otitis media. One of 42 calves with otitis media tested for Mycoplasma spp had positive results, and 1 of 43 age-matched calves without otitis media had positive results.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tulathromycin-treated calves in this study had a lower incidence of diarrhea and otitis media versus control calves. Various diseases had negative effects on average daily gain. Mycoplasma bovis status was not associated with otitis media in calves.
Abstract
Objectives
To compare the transmissibility by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, of a recent isolate of Ehrlichia canis (Ebony) with that of another isolate (Oklahoma) that had been passaged in cell culture, and to assess the genetic similarity of the 2 isolates as reflected in the nucleotide (NT) sequence of 16S rDNA.
Animals
13 healthy dogs of various ages and breeds.
Procedure
Larval and nymphal ticks were acquisition fed on acutely infected dogs, and, after molting, they were transmission fed as nymphs and adults, respectively, on Ehrlichia-naive dogs. All dogs were monitored daily by blood smear evaluation for evidence of parasitized leukocytes and by physical examination for clinical signs of ehrlichiosis. Serologic and hematologic values were measured weekly. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction, the 16S rDNA was amplified, and the NT sequence of the template DNA was determined.
Results
The Ebony isolate of E canis was successfully transmitted to dogs by nymphal and adult ticks. In contrast, no ticks that fed on dogs harboring the cell-cultured isolate (Oklahoma) transmitted it to dogs. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence, the 2 isolates were 99.9% similar, with only 1 NT difference.
Conclusions
These results reconfirm the vector potential of R sanguineus for E canis. Passage of the Oklahoma isolate of E canis in cell culture apparently adversely affected its transmissibility by ticks, raising the possibility that cell-cultured isolates of this rickettsia may lose their affinity for ticks. Determination of 16S rDNA sequence suggests minor strain variation within the species E canis. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1594–1598)
Objective
To characterize the frequency, clinical signs, biologic behavior, and response to treatment of tumors of the ear canal in dogs and cats.
Design
Retrospective analysis of medical records.
Animals
Medical records of 81 dogs (48 malignant tumors, 33 benign tumors) and 64 cats (56 malignant tumors, 8 benign tumors).
Procedure
Data were analyzed for cats and dogs with malignant tumors, and risk factors were analyzed for their potential impact on survival time.
Results
Malignant tumor types most commonly reported included ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and carcinoma of undetermined origin. Median survival time of dogs with malignant aural tumors was > 58 months, whereas that of cats was 11.7 months. A poor prognosis was indicated by extensive tumor involvement (dogs) and by neurologic signs at time of diagnosis, diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma or carcinoma of undetermined origin, and invasion into lymphatics or blood vessels (cats).
Clinical Implications
Malignant tumors of the ear canal in dogs and cats have a propensity for local invasion, but tend not to metastasize. Squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma of undetermined origin were the most locally aggressive tumors. Malignant tumors of the ear canal are best managed by aggressive surgical excision. Radiotherapy may be useful when tumors cannot be completely removed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1996;208:1413-1418)
