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- Author or Editor: Katherine A. Olson x
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Abstract
Objective
To determine whether underfilling blood collection tubes leads to in vitro reduction in serum measured total CO2 concentration ([TCO2]m) in canine and feline blood samples sufficient to create the impression of metabolic acidosis (pseudometabolic acidosis) or high anion gap.
Sample Population
Blood samples from healthy client-owned animals (16 dogs, 17 cats).
Procedure
Venous blood samples were collected in random order for determination of serum [TCO2] and blood gas tensions. Blood gas analysis was performed on iced, capped blood samples. In dogs, serum [TCO2] was measured in 1-, 3-, and 10-ml samples in 10-ml type-B tubes and in a 3-ml sample in 3-ml type-A tubes. In cats, serum [TCO2] was determined in 1-, 2-, and 3-ml samples in 3-ml type-A tubes and in a 3-ml sample in 10-ml type-B tubes.
Results
For dogs, serum [TCO2] in full-tube, 10-ml samples was a mean ± SD, 2.0 ± 1.1 mmol/L greater than that in 3-ml samples and 3.7 ± 1.3 mmol/L greater than the value in 1 -ml samples; both differences were significant at P < 0.0001. The serum [TCO2] in full 3-ml samples was lower by 0.4 ± 0.6 mmol/L than the value in full-tube 10-ml samples (P=0.019). For cats, serum [TCO2] in full-tube, 3-ml samples was 0.5 ± 0.6 mmol/L greater than that in 2-ml samples (P = 0.004) and was 1.5 ± 0.8 mmol/L greater than the value in 1-ml samples (P < 0.0001). Serum [TCO2] in 3-ml samples of feline blood in 10-ml tubes was 0.8 ± 0.8 mmol/L lower than that in samples from full 3-ml tubes (P = 0.0007). In dogs and cats, [TCO2] in fully filled collection tubes was approximately 6 mmol/L higher when calculated from blood gas analysis data than when chemically determined in serum.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Underfilling blood collection tubes results in a false decrease in serum [TCO2], which can contribute in part to descrepancies between blood gas and chemical analyses as estimates of plasma bicarbonate concentration. This, and other in vitro effects of sample handling and collection, may result in a false assessment of metabolic acidosis in dogs and cats, (Am J Vet Res 1997; 58:343-347)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To develop a multivariable model and online decision-support calculator to aid in preoperative discrimination of benign from malignant splenic masses in dogs.
ANIMALS
522 dogs that underwent splenectomy because of splenic masses.
PROCEDURES
A multivariable model was developed with preoperative clinical data obtained retrospectively from the records of 422 dogs that underwent splenectomy. Inclusion criteria were the availability of complete abdominal ultrasonographic examination images and splenic histologic slides or histology reports for review. Variables considered potentially predictive of splenic malignancy were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created for the final multivariable model, and area under the curve was calculated. The model was externally validated with data from 100 dogs that underwent splenectomy subsequent to model development and was used to create an online calculator to estimate probability of splenic malignancy in individual dogs.
RESULTS
The final multivariable model contained 8 clinical variables used to estimate splenic malignancy probability: serum total protein concentration, presence (vs absence) of ≥ 2 nRBCs/100 WBCs, ultrasonographically assessed splenic mass diameter, number of liver nodules (0, 1, or ≥ 2), presence (vs absence) of multiple splenic masses or nodules, moderate to marked splenic mass inhomogeneity, moderate to marked abdominal effusion, and mesenteric, omental, or peritoneal nodules. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the development and validation populations were 0.80 and 0.78, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The online calculator (T-STAT.net or T-STAT.org) developed in this study can be used as an aid to estimate the probability of malignancy in dogs with splenic masses and has potential to facilitate owners' decisions regarding splenectomy.
