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- Author or Editor: John R. DeLoach x
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Summary
Doxorubicin was encapsulated in canine erythrocytes, treated with 0.32% glutaraldehyde, and administered at a dosage equivalent to 30 mg of free doxorubicin/m2 of body surface area to dogs with diagnosis of lymphosarcoma. Compared with administration of free doxorubicin, this method of drug delivery substantially reduced peak plasma concentration and prolonged higher plasma concentration of doxorubicin. As such, this method was comparable to continuous iv infusion. Previous studies have indicated this method’s potential for reduction in toxic side effects, particularly cardiotoxicosis, while allowing higher total doses of doxorubicin to be administered. In this study, doxorubicin encapsulated in glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes induced a triphasic exponential decay of doxorubicin from plasma, the highest relative contribution to the total area of the curve being the terminal phase. The treatment was effective in inducing complete and partial remissions of lymphosarcoma, with minimal acute toxicosis and no evidence of cardiotoxicosis. However, substantial, unanticipated, chronic, nonregenerative myelosuppression developed, and was most strikingly expressed as profound thrombocytopenia. Efforts to ameliorate or circumvent this toxic effect will be required prior to further consideration of this doxorubicin delivery system for treatment of systemic neoplasia.
SUMMARY
Inclusion of lactose in the diets of chickens has been determined to reduce cecal colonization with Salmonella typhimurium. We hypothesized, therefore, that dietary lactose may be a practical means for reducing the prevalence of Salmonella contamination of chicken products. Because some strains of Salmonella are atypical and ferment lactose, we investigated the effects of dietary lactose on cecal colonization with lactose-fermenting S typhimurium. Broiler chicks were inoculated intracloacally with Lac+ S typhimurium selected for resistance to novobiocin and rifampicin. The chicks also were inoculated orally with certain anaerobes that do not effectively inhibit colonization by S typhimurium, but do appear essential for lactose mediated inhibition of cecal colonization. Control chicks were not given dietary lactose, and chicks in the experimental group were fed a diet containing 7% lactose. Enumeration of Lac+ S typhimurium in cecal contents revealed dietary lactose to be effective at controlling this organism. Control was correlated with changes in cecal pH and increases in undissociated volatile fatty acids, especially propionic acid.
Summary
A skin test to assess T-cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity (dh) and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (cbh) was evaluated in the interdigital skin of young chickens. Three-day-old chickens were sensitized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the dh reaction was elicited in the interdigital skin in 10-, 17-, 24-, and 31-day-old chickens by intradermal injection of tuberculin. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity was elicited in the interdigital skin of 10- and 14-day-old chickens by a single intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin-P (200 μg). The effect of immunosuppression on the results of interdigital skin test for dh and for cbh was evaluated in chickens that were treated with dexamethasone daily for 4 days before testing.
The dh reaction, as indicated by a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the mean interdigital skin thickness, was detectable in 10-day-old chickens and was consistently evident in 17-, 24-, and 31-day-old chickens. The dh response in the interdigital skin of 24-day-old chickens was comparable with that elicited in the standard wattle test. The cbh reaction, as indicted by a significant increase (P < 0.005) in skin thickness, was evident in the interdigital skin of 10- and 14-day-old chickens. Treatment with dexamethasone significantly decreased (P < 0.01) the dh and cbh reactions. Results of the study indicated that the interdigital skin test may be used to evaluate normal and suppressed cell-mediated dh and cbh reactions in chickens as young as 10 and 14 days old.