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- Author or Editor: Jerry R. Gillespie x
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Abstract
Objective
To determine changes in clinical signs of disease and response to pulmonary function testing in horses with recurrent airway obstruction (heaves) after aerosol and parenteral administration of beclomethasone dipropionate and dexamethasone, respectively.
Animals
6 horses with inducible and reversible heaves.
Procedure
Episodes of heaves were induced by exposure (challenge) to moldy hay and straw for 7 days. Horses were assigned to treatment groups (aerosolized beclomethasone dipropionate, parenterally administered dexamethasone, aerosolized propellant [control]), and respiratory frequency and subjective assessment of respiratory effort were determined twice daily. Maximal change in pleural pressure (ΔPplmax), pulmonary resistance (RL), and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was determined on days 0, 7, 10, 14, and 21.
Results
The RL and ΔPplmax were increased, and Cdyn was decreased in all horses in response to natural challenge. Beclomethasone reduced RL on day 10, reduced ΔPplmax on days 14 and 21 and increased Cdyn on day 14. Dexamethasone reduced RL and ΔPplmax on days 10, 14, and 21 and increased Cdyn on days 10 and 14. Respiratory effort (subjective assessment) improved after 2 and 3 days of beclomethasone and dexamethasone administration but rebounded to pretreatment values 1 and 3 days after discontinuation of drugs.
Conclusions
Pulmonary function testing responses and clinical signs of airway obstruction were improved by administration of beclomethasone. The magnitude of response to aerosolized beclomethasone generally was less marked than the response to parenterally administered dexamethasone. Higher or more frequent dosing of aerosolized beclomethasone may be necessary to achieve the anti-inflammatory response to parenterally administered dexamethasone. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:1039–1043)
Abstract
Objective—To describe the frequency and distribution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the feces and environment of cow-calf herds housed on pasture.
Sample Population—Fecal and water samples for 10 cow-calf farms in Kansas.
Procedure—Fecal and water samples were obtained monthly throughout a 1-year period (3,152 fecal samples from 2,058 cattle; 199 water samples). Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fecal and water samples was determined, using microbial culture.
Results—Escherichia coli O157:H7 was detected in 40 of 3,152 (1.3%) fecal samples, and 40 of 2,058 (1.9%) cattle had ≥ 1 sample with E coli. Fecal shedding by specific cattle was transient; none of the cattle had E coli in more than 1 sample. Significant differences were not detected in overall prevalence among farms. However, significant differences were detected in prevalence among sample collection dates. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was detected in 3 of 199 (1.5%) water samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Implementing control strategies for E coli O157:H7 at all levels of the cattle industry will decrease the risk of this organism entering the human food chain. Devising effective on-farm strategies to control E coli O157:H7 in cow-calf herds will require an understanding of the epidemiologic characteristics of this pathogen. (Am J Vet Res 2000;61:1375–1379)
Objective
To determine the prevalence of fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with access to cattle pastures.
Design
Survey study.
Sample Population
212 fecal samples from free ranging white-tailed deer.
Procedure
Fresh feces were collected on multiple pastures from 2 farms in north central Kansas between September 1997 and April 1998. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified by bacterial culture and DNA-based methods.
Results
Escherichia coli O157:H7 was identified in 2.4% (5/212) of white-tailed deer fecal samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
There is considerable interest in the beef industry in on-farm control of E coli O157:H7 to reduce the risk of this pathogen entering the human food chain. Results of our study suggest that the design of programs for E coli O157:H7 control in domestic livestock on pasture will need to account for fecal shedding in free-ranging deer. In addition, the results have implications for hunters, people consuming venison, and deer-farming enterprises. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:792–794)