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- Author or Editor: Glenn M. Rogers x
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Objective
To determine whether feeding sweetpotato cannery waste (SPCW) to cattle had adverse effects on dental wear, growth performance, or ruminal tissues.
Design
Clinical trial.
Animals
36 Holstein steers.
Procedure
Steers were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. All steers received ryegrass hay ad libitum. In addition, steers in group 1 were fed 3.2 kg of corn and soybean meal/steer/d, steers in group 2 were fed 0.45 kg of soybean meal/steer/d and SPCW ad libitum, and steers in group 3 were fed a mixture of SPCW and broiler litter ad libitum. Samples of rumen fluid were collected on day 56. Steers were slaughtered on day 84, and samples of rumen were submitted for histologic examination. Teeth from control steers were removed, and calcium ion loss in response to etching with 2.28% lactic acid solutions buffered to pH of 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, and 4.75 was determined.
Results
Average daily gain was lower for steers fed SPCW than for steers in the other 2 groups. Steers fed the SPCW-broiler litter mixture had only mild increases in tooth wear and tooth color scores, compared with control steers, whereas steers fed unbuffered SPCW had substantial increases in tooth wear and tooth color scores. Histologic abnormalities were detected in rumens from steers fed diets containing SPCW. Calcium ion loss decreased as pH of the etching solution increased.
Clinical Implications
Results indicate that feeding cattle unbuffered SPCW can cause dental erosion, ruminal epithelial changes, and poor growth; however, SPCW buffered with broiler litter can be used as a cattle feed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;214:681–687)
Abstract
Objective—To quantify effects of certified health programs on the sale price of beef calves sold through a livestock videotape auction service.
Design—Longitudinal study.
Sample Population—26,502 lots representing 3,205,192 beef calves sold through a livestock videotape auction service between 1995 and 2005.
Procedures—Data describing each lot of beef calves that were marketed from 1995 through 2005 by a livestock videotape auction service were obtained from sale catalogues. For each year of the study, multiple regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of certified health programs on sale price.
Results—For each year of the study, beef calves that qualified for the 2 most intensive certified health programs sold for significantly higher prices, compared with prices for similar calves that were not in a certified health program, had not been vaccinated against respiratory tract viruses, and were not weaned before delivery. Price premiums for calves in the most intensive certified health program ranged from $2.47/100 lb (hundredweight [cwt]; 1 cwt equals 45.45 kg) in 1995 to $7.91/cwt in 2004. Price premiums paid for calves qualifying for the next most intensive certified health program ranged from $0.99/cwt in 1996 to $3.47/cwt in 2004. The percentage of the total number of lots in the 2 most intensive certified health programs increased over time.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings from this study indicated that implementation of the 2 most intensive certified health programs consistently increased the price of beef calves, and these price premiums increased over time.
Abstract
Objective—To evaluate and update the previously quantified effects of management, marketing, and certified health programs on the sale price of beef calves sold through a livestock video auction service.
Design—Longitudinal study.
Sample—41,657 lots representing 5,042,272 beef calves sold from 1995 through 2009.
Procedures—Data describing each lot of beef calves marketed from 1995 through 2009 by a livestock video auction service were obtained from sale catalogues. For each year of the study, multiple regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of management, marketing, and certified health programs on sale price.
Results—Sale date, base sale weight, quadratic effect of base weight, sex of calf, region of origin, breed description, inclusion in a certified health program, and number of calves in the lot significantly affected sale price for every year of the study. Variation in body weight, flesh score, and number of days between sale and delivery date had significant effects on price in most of the years; frame score and calves with horns affected price in 7 of 15 years; age and source verification influenced sale price in every year since source verification was introduced in 2005; and the auction service's progressive genetics program increased price during the 1 year that program was available.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Some management, marketing, and certified health initiatives have consistently increased the sale price of beef calves, and producers can increase the price of their calves by implementing these practices.
Abstract
Objective—To determine whether beef herds could increase profitability by reducing production cost per 100 lb (hundredweight [CWT]; ie, 45.4 kg) of calf through implementation of advice from teams of veterinarians and county extension agents supported by university specialists.
Design—Longitudinal study.
Sample Population—6 commercial cow-calf herds comprising 1,927 cows.
Procedure—Teams of veterinarians and county extension agents provided advice on 25 profitable ranch management practices to herd owners for 3 years. Use of each practice in herds was measured on a scale of 1 to 5 for baseline year 1999. Similar measurements were made at the end of each year for comparison with baseline values. Outcomes were measured by standardized performance analysis.
Results—Mean weaning weight of calves per exposed cow of the 6 herds increased significantly from 1999 (2000, 26.8 kg [59 lb; 17%]; 2001, 49.1 kg [108 lb; 31%]; and 2002, 43.2 kg [95 lb; 27%]). Mean cost per CWT of calf decreased significantly from the 1999 value (2000, −$20.04 [−18%]; 2001, −$33.40 [−29%]; and 2002, −$22.52 [−20%]). Additional profits for the 6 herds were $54,407 in 2000, $135,695 in 2001, and $116,089 in 2002 (3-year total of $306,191). Mean increase in management score of herds was positively correlated with increase in net income and accounted for > 60% of increased profits.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Profitability of beef cow-calf operations can be substantially increased through a team approach by identifying opportunities for improvements in management and helping ranch managers implement profitable practices. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:210–220)