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- Author or Editor: Edward O. MacKay x
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SUMMARY
Objective
To compare in vitro opening pressures (OP) and closing pressures (CP) of the Ahmed VS-1 and VS-2 glaucoma valves with those of several selfconstructed valve ‘prototypes,’ and to assess their ability to maintain perfusion pressures between 6 and 21 mm of Hg.
Sample Population
Ahmed VS-1 (n = 6), 2 groups of Ahmed VS-2 (group 1: n = 12; group 2: n = 14), and self-constructed valves with linear incisions in the long axis of the tube wall (n = 6) or X-shaped incisions in the tube walls (n = 2).
Procedure
Valves were perfused with deionized water, lactated Ringer's solution (LRS), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), DMEM plus 50% equine serum (ES), and 100% ES. Flow rates of 2.85, 4.2, 6.0, 9.0, and 12.0 μl/min were used for each perfusate. Valves were tested 3 times for reproducibility, and OP/CP were compared for each system.
Results
OP/CP of the VS-1, VS-2 (group 1), VS-2 (group 2), and linear 1.0-cm incisional valves with thick tubing consistently increased with increasing perfusion rate. Linear 0.5-cm (thick tubing) and 1.0-cm (thin tubing) incisional valves had increasing OP/CP with increasing perfusion rate in all but a few instances. Mean OP/CP decreased with increasing perfusate osmolarity for all perfusates except LRS, using the VS-1 and V-2 (group 2) valves. Mean OP/CP were consistently lower for VS-1 than VS-2 (group 1) valves at any given flow rate and for any given perfusate. Mean OP/CP were consistently lower for VS-2 (group 1) than VS-2 (group 2) valves at any given flow rate and for any given perfusate. The linear 0.5-cm incisional valves with thick and thin tubing induced the highest mean OP/CP, maximizing at > 30 mm of Hg.
Conclusions
Only the VS-2 (group 2) valves consistently had mean OP/CP between 6 and 21 mm of Hg for all perfusates and at all flow rates.
Clinical Relevance
Anterior chamber shunts, although imperfect, appear to offer a physiologically sound alternative for glaucoma management. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:1332–1337)
SUMMARY
Topically applied 4% timolol, 4% timolol combined with 2% pilocarpine, 6% timolol, and 6% timolol combined with 2% pilocarpine were evaluated in clinically normal Beagles and Beagles with glaucoma. The drugs were instilled twice daily for 5 days. Changes in intraocular pressure (iop), pupil size, and heart rate were recorded on days 1, 3, and 5 at 0, 2, 5, and 8 hours, starting at 8:30 am. In clinically normal dogs, 4 and 6% topically administered timolol did not cause consistent reductions in iop; however, with addition of 2% pilocarpine, iop was consistently lower. In the Beagles with glaucoma, 4 and 6% timolol and, to a greater extent, 4 and 6% timolol combined with 2% pilocarpine lowered iop. The combinations lowered iop and reduced pupil size consistently. In all test groups, either 4 or 6% topically applied timolol caused approximately 10% decrease in mean heart rate.
