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- Author or Editor: Davide De Lorenzi x
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Abstract
Objective—To detect abnormalities of the lower respiratory tract (trachea, principal bronchi, and lobar bronchi) in brachycephalic dogs by use of endoscopy, evaluate the correlation between laryngeal collapse and bronchial abnormalities, and determine whether dogs with bronchial abnormalities have a less favorable postsurgical long-term outcome following correction of brachycephalic syndrome.
Design—Prospective case series study.
Animals—40 client-owned brachycephalic dogs with stertorous breathing and clinical signs of respiratory distress.
Procedures—Brachycephalic dogs anesthetized for pharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy between January 2007 and June 2008 underwent flexible bronchoscopy for systematic evaluation of the principal and lobar bronchi. For dogs that underwent surgical correction of any component of brachycephalic syndrome, owners rated surgical outcome during a follow-up telephone survey. Correlation between laryngeal collapse and bronchial abnormalities and association between bronchial abnormalities and long-term outcome were assessed.
Results—Pugs (n = 20), English Bulldogs (13), and French Bulldogs (7) were affected. A fixed bronchial collapse was recognized in 35 of 40 dogs with a total of 94 bronchial stenoses. Abnormalities were irregularly distributed between hemithoraces; 15 of 94 bronchial abnormalities were detected in the right bronchial system, and 79 of 94 were detected in the left. The left cranial bronchus was the most commonly affected structure, and Pugs were the most severely affected breed. Laryngeal collapse was significantly correlated with severe bronchial collapse; no significant correlation was found between severity of bronchial abnormalities and postsurgical outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bronchial collapse was a common finding in brachycephalic dogs, and long-term postsurgical outcome was not affected by bronchial stenosis.
Abstract
Objective—To determine results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates and impression smears of gastrointestinal tract tumors in dogs and cats.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—38 dogs and 44 cats with histologically confirmed gastrointestinal tract tumors.
Procedures—Results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates (n = 67) or impression smears (31) were compared with the histologic diagnosis, and extent of agreement was classified as complete, partial, none, or undetermined.
Results—For 48 of the 67 (72%) fine-needle aspirates, there was complete or partial agreement between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses. For 12 (18%) aspirates, the extent of agreement could not be determined because the cytologic specimen was considered unsatisfactory. For 29 of the 31 (94%) impression smears, there was complete agreement between the cytologic and histologic diagnoses, and for 2 (6%), there was partial agreement. None of the impression smears were considered unsatisfactory. Proportion of samples with complete agreement and proportion of samples with complete or partial agreement were significantly higher for impression smears than for fine-needle aspirates.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that there was moderate agreement between results of cytologic examination of fine-needle aspirates from dogs and cats with gastrointestinal tract neoplasia and the definitive histologic diagnosis. The agreement between results of cytologic examination of impression smears and the histologic diagnosis appeared to be higher.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy, complications, and outcome of Dumon silicone stent placement for dogs with grade IV tracheal collapse.
ANIMALS
12 client-owned dogs.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Each dog was diagnosed with grade IV TC unresponsive to medical therapy and had severe obstructive respiratory failure.
RESULTS
12 dogs were included in the study. By the end of the study, 5 of 12 (41.7%) remained alive, while 7 of 12 (58.3%) dogs died. Survival times after stent placement ranged from 97 to 1,310 days (mean, 822.43 days; median, 810 days). Three of the 12 (25%) dogs died spontaneously, while 4 of 12 (33.3%) were euthanized. The cause of death was determined for 6 of 7 (85.7%) dogs and was TC related for 3 of 7 (50%). Causes of death related to TC were progressive airway collapse (2/3 [66.6%]) and incoercible cough (1/3 [33.4%]). Complications occurred in 9 of 12 (75%) cases and included granulation tissue growth (3/12 [25%]), incoercible cough (2/12 [16.7%]), stent migration (1/12 [8.3%]), and stent deformation (1/12 [8.3%]). Reduction of obstructive dyspnea and episodes of asphyxiation was achieved after Dumon silicone stent placement.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The placement of an intraluminal Dumon silicone stent was a successful salvage treatment for TC in dogs that did not respond to medical management. Disease progression is inevitable, but substantial improvement of respiratory function may be achieved for months to years.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To describe the association between a diagnosis of eosinophilic lung disease (ELD) in dogs with signalment and bronchoscopic features and evaluate the accuracy of visualization of nodules for the diagnosis of ELD.
ANIMALS
781 dogs with cough that underwent bronchoscopy between 2014 and 2016.
PROCEDURES
Data were extracted from the medical records of each included dog. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to investigate associations between ELD and patient characteristics.
RESULTS
ELD was diagnosed in 113 (14.5%) dogs. More than 3 nodular lesions of the bronchial mucosa were detected in 64 (8.2%) dogs. The odds of having ELD were greater in dogs with nodules (adjusted OR [aOR], 26.0; 95% CI, 13.0 to 52.0) and static bronchial collapse (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.6), and lower in dogs having focal versus diffuse inflammation (aOR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37). The odds of having ELD decreased for each 1-year increase in age (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.92), and increased for each 1-kg increase in weight (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.06). Visualization of nodules during bronchoscopy had a overall accuracy of 89.4% (95% CI, 87.0% to 91.4%), sensitivity of 41.6% (32.4% to 51.2%), and specificity of 97.5% (96.0% to 98.5%) for a diagnosis of ELD.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
On the basis of high specificity and negative predictive value, lack of visualization of bronchial nodules during bronchoscopy can be used to preliminarily rule out ELD. However, visualization of bronchial nodules does not imply presence of ELD. This could be especially relevant when results of BAL cytology are available several days after the actual bronchoscopy.